1.Why are multipurpose projects called as temples of modern world
Ans.Jawaharlal Nehru proudly proclaimed the dams as the ‘Temples of the modern India’ due to the following reasons:
A.It would integrate development of agriculture and the village economy with rapid industrialization and growth of the urban economy.
B.They not only help in irrigation but also help in e lectricity generation, water supply for domestic and industrial uses, flood control, re creation, inland navigation and fish breeding.
2.Why is the scarcity of water increasing day by day in India?
Ans.A. Rapid growth of population.
B. Rising area under agriculture and rise in the deman d of food and cash crops.
C. Water resources are being exploited to expand irrig ated areas in dry seasons.
D. Due to industrialization.
3.Why should we conserve and manage our water resourc e s?
Ans.A. To maintain the water cycle.
B. To overcome the problem of water scarcity.
C. To stop the excessive use, overutilization and uneq ual access to water among different social groups.
D. Variation in seasonal and annual precipitation may affect the availability of water over time and space so there is a need of water man agement.
4.How can we control over exploitation and mismanagem ent of water resources?
Ans.A. Conservation and management of water resources is a combined effort-each one of us contributing towards it positively.
B. Multipurpose river projects should be created by th e government to stop the flowing water.
C. Awareness should be spread among the people regardi ng water management and conservation.
5.State any three points that should be kept in mind before the construction of Dams?
Ans.A. While the construction of dams environment issues, displacement of people should be keep in mind. B. Distribution of water in between the states should be judicial, while constructing dams.
C. More benefits of dams should be given to the local people whose life gets affected due to the construction of dam.
6.. In recent years, multipurpose projects and large da ms have come under great scrutiny and opposition. Explain why.
Ans.A. Some social movements have opposed such large dams due to fact that local communities have been displaced and rooted out of t heir original settlement areas.
B. Dames have also been a potent cause in creating con flicts between states, wanting to avail benefits from the same water resources.
C. Sedimentation in the reservoir gas caused floods. T hese dams were constructed to control floods.
D. These dames caused land degradation. The flood plai ns were deprived of silt which is natural fertilizer.
E. These dams caused water borne disease, pest and pol lution of water due to excessive use.
7. Three – fourths of the world is covered with water and wate r is a renewable resources. Yet many countries and regions around the globe suffer from water scarcity. Explain.
Ans.We know that three-fourth of the earth’s surface is covered with water, but only a small proportion of its accounts for freshwater tha t can be put to use. This freshwater mainly obtained from surface run off and ground wat er that is continually being renewed and recharged through the hydrological cycle ensuring that water is a renewable resource. 96.5 percent of the total volum e of world’s water is estimated to exist as oceans and only 2.5 per cent as fresh water. Nearly 70% of this fresh water occurs as ice sheets and glaciers in Antarctica, Gr eenland and the mountainous regions of the world, while a little less than 30 percent i s stored as groundwater in world’s aquifers.
8.What is multi - purpose river valley project? State any four object ives of multi - purpose river valley projects.
Ans.Multipurpose river valley projects are meant to tackle various problems associated with river valleys in an integrated manner. Followi ng are the objectives of Multi- purpose river valley projects:
A. To control floods.
B. Check soil erosion.
C. Generate electricity
D. Provide inland navigation
E. Encourage tourism and recreation
F. Conservation of water.
9.Name the two types of dams based on structure and m aterial used.
Ans.Timber Dams, embankment dams or masonry dams.
10.Which river is known as “River of Sorrow” in Jharkhand and and West Bengal?
Ans.Damodar
11.Why is the need for water increasing day by day? Ex plain three reasons.
Ans.A. Population is increasing day by day. A large population means more water is required not only for domestic purpose but for agri cultural purpose.
B. Industries are the heavy users of fresh water for p ower which put tremendous pressure on water resources.
C. In cities or housing colonies, they have their own groundwater pumping devices to meet their needs resulting in over exploitation of water resources.
12.How were the understand ‘Tankas’ beneficial to the people of Rajasthan?
ans.A. The underground tankas were able to provide reliabl e sources of drinking water during summer when other sources had dried up.
B. The rainwater or palar pani was considered to be pu rest form of water.
C. They would help in keeping the room cool to manage the hot summer.
13.What are the difference between traditional dams an d multi-purpose projects?
Ans.A. Traditional dams were built to impound rivers and r ainwater that could be used later to irrigate agricultural fields only but now multipurpose projects are built not just for irrigation.
B. But for electricity generation, water supply for do mestic and industrial use, flood control, recreation, inland navigation and fish bre eding.
C. Hence, dams are now referred to a multiple river pr ojects where the many uses of the impounded water are integrated with one another .
14.Why is ro oftop rainwater harvesting the most common practice in Shilong in spite of the fact that Cherapunjee and Mawsynram are situ ated only at a distance of 55 kilometers from there? Explain
Ans.A. Shillong receives heavy rainfall during monsoon per iod but the state faces acute water shortage.
B. Once chirrapunji was famous because it received the highest rainfall in world. Today this area faces an acute water shortage. This is a consequence of extensive deforestation and no efforts toward rainwater harve sting
C. It is mainly due to lack of water storage system.
D. Nearly every household in the city has a rooftop ra in water harvesting structure.
E. Nearly 15-25 percent of the total water requirement of the household comes from roof top water harvesting.
15.What is the ‘Narmada Bachao Andolan’? Why was it or gani zed? What are the issues raised by this movement?
Ans.A. Narmada Bachao Andolan is prominent social movemen t to acquire access and control natural resources endowed to the local people.
B. The activities of the Narmada Bachao Andolan in the late 1980s and 1990s brought worldwide attention to the plight of the people fro m the area of Sardar Sarovar Dam across the Narmada River who is spread over the sta tes of Gujarat, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh.
C. Narmada Bachao Andolan is a non Government Organisa tion that mobilized tribal people, farmers, environmentalists and human rights activists against Sardar Sarovar Dam.
D. It originally focused on the environmental issues r elated to trees that would be submerged under the dam water.
E. Recently it has refocused the aim to enable poor ci tizens, especially the oustees to get full rehabilitation facilities from the government.
15.What do you know about Krishna Godavari Dispute?
Ans.A. The Krishna Godavari dispute is based on the object ions raised by the Governments of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.
B. The reason is diversion of more water flow at Koyna by the Maharashtra Government for irrigation and a hydro electricity p roject.
C. It was felt that this would lessen the flow in thei r states which would have adverse affects on industry and agriculture.
16.Highlight the facts given by The Citizens’ Fifth Report, CSE, 1999.
Ans.A. India’s rivers, especially the smaller ones, have a ll turned into toxic streams.
B. And even the big ones like the Ganga and Yamuna are far from being pure.
C. The assault on India’s rivers-from population growth, agricultural modernization, urbanization and industrialization-is enormous and growing day by day.
D. This entire life stands threatened.
Ans.Jawaharlal Nehru proudly proclaimed the dams as the ‘Temples of the modern India’ due to the following reasons:
A.It would integrate development of agriculture and the village economy with rapid industrialization and growth of the urban economy.
B.They not only help in irrigation but also help in e lectricity generation, water supply for domestic and industrial uses, flood control, re creation, inland navigation and fish breeding.
2.Why is the scarcity of water increasing day by day in India?
Ans.A. Rapid growth of population.
B. Rising area under agriculture and rise in the deman d of food and cash crops.
C. Water resources are being exploited to expand irrig ated areas in dry seasons.
D. Due to industrialization.
3.Why should we conserve and manage our water resourc e s?
Ans.A. To maintain the water cycle.
B. To overcome the problem of water scarcity.
C. To stop the excessive use, overutilization and uneq ual access to water among different social groups.
D. Variation in seasonal and annual precipitation may affect the availability of water over time and space so there is a need of water man agement.
4.How can we control over exploitation and mismanagem ent of water resources?
Ans.A. Conservation and management of water resources is a combined effort-each one of us contributing towards it positively.
B. Multipurpose river projects should be created by th e government to stop the flowing water.
C. Awareness should be spread among the people regardi ng water management and conservation.
5.State any three points that should be kept in mind before the construction of Dams?
Ans.A. While the construction of dams environment issues, displacement of people should be keep in mind. B. Distribution of water in between the states should be judicial, while constructing dams.
C. More benefits of dams should be given to the local people whose life gets affected due to the construction of dam.
6.. In recent years, multipurpose projects and large da ms have come under great scrutiny and opposition. Explain why.
Ans.A. Some social movements have opposed such large dams due to fact that local communities have been displaced and rooted out of t heir original settlement areas.
B. Dames have also been a potent cause in creating con flicts between states, wanting to avail benefits from the same water resources.
C. Sedimentation in the reservoir gas caused floods. T hese dams were constructed to control floods.
D. These dames caused land degradation. The flood plai ns were deprived of silt which is natural fertilizer.
E. These dams caused water borne disease, pest and pol lution of water due to excessive use.
7. Three – fourths of the world is covered with water and wate r is a renewable resources. Yet many countries and regions around the globe suffer from water scarcity. Explain.
Ans.We know that three-fourth of the earth’s surface is covered with water, but only a small proportion of its accounts for freshwater tha t can be put to use. This freshwater mainly obtained from surface run off and ground wat er that is continually being renewed and recharged through the hydrological cycle ensuring that water is a renewable resource. 96.5 percent of the total volum e of world’s water is estimated to exist as oceans and only 2.5 per cent as fresh water. Nearly 70% of this fresh water occurs as ice sheets and glaciers in Antarctica, Gr eenland and the mountainous regions of the world, while a little less than 30 percent i s stored as groundwater in world’s aquifers.
8.What is multi - purpose river valley project? State any four object ives of multi - purpose river valley projects.
Ans.Multipurpose river valley projects are meant to tackle various problems associated with river valleys in an integrated manner. Followi ng are the objectives of Multi- purpose river valley projects:
A. To control floods.
B. Check soil erosion.
C. Generate electricity
D. Provide inland navigation
E. Encourage tourism and recreation
F. Conservation of water.
9.Name the two types of dams based on structure and m aterial used.
Ans.Timber Dams, embankment dams or masonry dams.
10.Which river is known as “River of Sorrow” in Jharkhand and and West Bengal?
Ans.Damodar
11.Why is the need for water increasing day by day? Ex plain three reasons.
Ans.A. Population is increasing day by day. A large population means more water is required not only for domestic purpose but for agri cultural purpose.
B. Industries are the heavy users of fresh water for p ower which put tremendous pressure on water resources.
C. In cities or housing colonies, they have their own groundwater pumping devices to meet their needs resulting in over exploitation of water resources.
12.How were the understand ‘Tankas’ beneficial to the people of Rajasthan?
ans.A. The underground tankas were able to provide reliabl e sources of drinking water during summer when other sources had dried up.
B. The rainwater or palar pani was considered to be pu rest form of water.
C. They would help in keeping the room cool to manage the hot summer.
13.What are the difference between traditional dams an d multi-purpose projects?
Ans.A. Traditional dams were built to impound rivers and r ainwater that could be used later to irrigate agricultural fields only but now multipurpose projects are built not just for irrigation.
B. But for electricity generation, water supply for do mestic and industrial use, flood control, recreation, inland navigation and fish bre eding.
C. Hence, dams are now referred to a multiple river pr ojects where the many uses of the impounded water are integrated with one another .
14.Why is ro oftop rainwater harvesting the most common practice in Shilong in spite of the fact that Cherapunjee and Mawsynram are situ ated only at a distance of 55 kilometers from there? Explain
Ans.A. Shillong receives heavy rainfall during monsoon per iod but the state faces acute water shortage.
B. Once chirrapunji was famous because it received the highest rainfall in world. Today this area faces an acute water shortage. This is a consequence of extensive deforestation and no efforts toward rainwater harve sting
C. It is mainly due to lack of water storage system.
D. Nearly every household in the city has a rooftop ra in water harvesting structure.
E. Nearly 15-25 percent of the total water requirement of the household comes from roof top water harvesting.
15.What is the ‘Narmada Bachao Andolan’? Why was it or gani zed? What are the issues raised by this movement?
Ans.A. Narmada Bachao Andolan is prominent social movemen t to acquire access and control natural resources endowed to the local people.
B. The activities of the Narmada Bachao Andolan in the late 1980s and 1990s brought worldwide attention to the plight of the people fro m the area of Sardar Sarovar Dam across the Narmada River who is spread over the sta tes of Gujarat, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh.
C. Narmada Bachao Andolan is a non Government Organisa tion that mobilized tribal people, farmers, environmentalists and human rights activists against Sardar Sarovar Dam.
D. It originally focused on the environmental issues r elated to trees that would be submerged under the dam water.
E. Recently it has refocused the aim to enable poor ci tizens, especially the oustees to get full rehabilitation facilities from the government.
15.What do you know about Krishna Godavari Dispute?
Ans.A. The Krishna Godavari dispute is based on the object ions raised by the Governments of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.
B. The reason is diversion of more water flow at Koyna by the Maharashtra Government for irrigation and a hydro electricity p roject.
C. It was felt that this would lessen the flow in thei r states which would have adverse affects on industry and agriculture.
16.Highlight the facts given by The Citizens’ Fifth Report, CSE, 1999.
Ans.A. India’s rivers, especially the smaller ones, have a ll turned into toxic streams.
B. And even the big ones like the Ganga and Yamuna are far from being pure.
C. The assault on India’s rivers-from population growth, agricultural modernization, urbanization and industrialization-is enormous and growing day by day.
D. This entire life stands threatened.
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