Short Answer Questions
What do you know about Anandamath?
Ans. It is a novel written by Bankimchandra.This novel is about Hindu militia that fights Muslims to establish Hindu Kingdom
What was an Epistolary novel?
Ans.The Epistolary novels used the private and personal forms of letters to tell a story
Give one example of Epistolary Novel?
Ans.'Pamela' of Samuel Richardson
Who was the writer of the novel ‘The Tenant of Wildfell Hall’?
Ans.Anne Bronte
What is the novel that shows a topsy-turvy world in which women take the place of men
Ans.Sultana's Dream was written by Rokeya Hossein
Who was vaikkom muhammad basheer
Ans.He was a renowned Muslim novelist in Malayalam.
Who was Potheri Kunambu
Ans.He was a lower caste writer from Kerala
What did Kissa-goi mean
Ans.It means the art of story telling
What is the subject matter of Premchand's novel Sevasadan
Ans.It deals with the poor condition of women in Indian society
Name the famous novel of Jane Austen
Ans.Pride and Prejudice
What is depicted in Oliver Twist
Ans.It is a story of a poor orphan who lived in the world of petty criminals and beggars later he was adopted by a wealthy person
Which was the first historical novel written in Bengal.
Ans.Anguriya Binimoy
Which novel was the first modern novel in Malayalam
Ans.Indulekha
Name the first novel writte in Hindi
Ans.Pariksh Guru
Which novel was written by Bankim chandra Chattopadhyaya
Ans.Durgesh Nandini
Who wrote the novel Chandrakanta
Ans.Devaki Nandan Khatri
Who is the writer of Saraswativijayam
Ans.Potheri Kunjambu
Name the novel which is written by Advaita Mulla Burman
Ans.Titash Ekti Nadir Naam
What is a novel
Ans.A novel is modern form of literature which contains a story
Who wrote godan
Ans.Munshi Prem Chand
Long answer Questions
1.Write any three features of Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay’s ‘Durgeshnandini’.
Ans.A.Durgeshnandini is not only Bankim’s first novel. It was the first ever novel in Bengali.
B. This novel has been made into a Bengali and a Hindi film as well.
C. It is family based drama that deals with the compli cations that arises after the death of the head of the family.
D. The story is based on the age-old fight between the good and the evil. Here are shown brothers who fight for property after the dea th of their father.
2.What were the reasons for the popularity of novels in India and the outside world?
Ans.A. Development of transportation, communication, colon ialism and development in printing facilities helped in spreading the popular ity of novels.
B. Novels generally use the vernacular language that i s spoken and easily understood by the common people.
C. Novels deal with everyday life of common people- th eir anxieties, their fears, their struggles and joys. That’s why they appeal to the c ommon people.
3.In what ways was the novel in colonial rule useful for the colonizers?
Ans.A. Novels provide the useful information to the coloni al administration about the native life and customs without which they would ha ve filtered at every day step.
B. Some of the novels translated into English proved a ll the more useful in knowing the intricacies of the Indian society.
4.In what ways was the novel in colonial rule useful for the nationalists?
Ans.A. Through novels nationalist leaders express their gr ievances against the colonial government.
B. Through novels nationalist leaders attacked the var ious social evils prevailing in the society but also suggested remedies for them.
C. The novels took up the cause of the poor people and other down trodden sections of the society, condemned their economic exploitati on and pleaded justice for them.
D. The novels also took up the cause of nationalism an d urged the people to be true to their culture and for freedom of their country.
5.What was the aim of the Indian novelist of the 19 th century?
Ans.A. They wrote the novels with a cause.
B. The novels took up the cause of the poor people and other down trodden sections of the society, condemned their economic exploitati on and pleaded justice for them
C. The British imperialist rulers regarded the Indian culture as inferior.
D. The Indian novelists challenged this attitude of th e British rulers and lay emphasize on the cultural equality with their colonial master
6.‘Novelists in colonial India w rote for a political cause’. Explain your answer with suitable arguments
Ans.A. The Britishers ruled India following the policy of divide and rule. The people of India have different identities. This was well understood by the novelist. So, through their novels, they popularize the sense of belonging to a common nation.
B. Most of the lower classes were cut from the main st ream. They lived in this their novels so that they could be seen to belong to a shared world.
C. The history written by colonial historians tended t o depict Indians as weak, divided and dependent minded and had been so in the past. These could not satisfy the taste if new Indians.
D. The new generation wanted a new view of past that w ould show that Indians could be independent minded and had been so in the past. So novels were written keeping all these things in mind.
E. People from all walks of life could read novels so long as they shared a common language. This helped in creating a sense of collec tive belongings on the basis of one’s language.
7.How did the characters like Indulekha and Madhavan inspires the contemporary generations to strike a balance between the western ideas and Indian traditional culture.
Ans.A. In Indulekha, she is portrayed as a woman of breath taking beauty, high intellectual abilities, and artistic talent and with an educatio n in Sanskrit and English.
B. The heroine rejects the foolish landlord and choose s the handsome and educated lower caste Madhavan.
C. Madhavan the hero is a member of the English educat ed class of Nayars from the University of Madras. He was also a first rate Sans krit Scholar.
D. He dressed in western clothes but he kept the long tuft of hair according to the Nayar customs. They both get married and he joins t he civil services.
E. Western way of living was attractive but the wholes ome adopting of western values would destroy traditional ways of living.
8.‘Novels helped in creating a sense of social awaren ess in India’. Explain.
Ans.A. Novels of maximum writers were related to a social problem. In which the social issue were raised. This helped in the spread of soc ial awareness among the society.
B. Novels sent a clear message for reform. Potheru Kun jambu’s ‘Sarswativijayam’ is an example. In this novel, the caste issues were effec tively raised.
C. Bringing together people from different backgrounds produces a sense of shared community and the most notable form of this communi ty is the nation. The feeling of nationalism can be seen in the novels of Premcha nd.
D. In Premchand’s Rangbhoomi, Godan, karmabhoomi-the s ocial issues were discussed and had a great impact so far as the crea tion of social awareness was concerned.
E. Indians used novels as medium to criticize defects in society and suggest remedies.
9.Briefly explain the theme of the novel ‘Godan’ written by Munshi Premchand.
Ans.A. The Novel Godan-Gift of cow was published in 1936. This novel remains Premchand’s best known work.
B. It is an epic of the Indian peasantry. The Novels t ells the story of characters-Hori and his wife Dhania-a peasant couple.
C. Money lenders, zamidaars, priest and colonial burea ucrats form a network of oppression. All these groups hold power in the soci ety and exploit the poor people.
D. They together rob the poor couple’s land and make t hem a landless labourer.
E. Hori and Dhania retain their dignity to the end.
10.Which types of problems were highlighted by the novelist Charles Dickens through his novel?
Ans.A. Charles Dickens wrote about the terrible effects of industrialization on peoples’ lives and characters.
B. In his Novel Hard Times dickens describes Coke town , a fictitious industrial town, as a grim place full of machinery, smoking chimneys , rivers polluted purple and buildings that are looked the same.
C. He also criticized not just the greed for profit bu t also the ideas that reduced human being into simple instruments of production in this novel
11.What are the main features of novel ‘Sevasadan’ wri tten by Munshi Premchand?
Ans.A. Sewasadan deals mainly with the poor condition of w omen in society.
B. Issues like child marriage and dowry are woven into the story of the novels.
C. It also tells us about the ways in which the Indian upper classes used whatever little opportunities they got from colonial authori ties to govern themselves.
12.Explain the meaning Jatra, Kabirlarai and Bhadralik .
Ans.A. Jatra is the tenth day after navaratra and is celeb rated as the day of departure of Goddess Durga.
B. Kabirlarai was a type of contest held among the poe ts. It was a public form of entertainment. The merchants of Calcutta used to pa tronize such contest.
C. Bhadralok means those people who are well-read and belong to rich families from upper-class.
13.‘Novels helped in creating a sense of social awaren ess in India’. Explain.
Ans.A. Novels of maximum writers were related to a social problem. In which the social issue were raised. This helped in the spread of soc ial awareness among the society.
B. Novels sent a clear message for reform. Potheru Kun jambu’s ‘Sarswativijayam’ is an example. In this novel, the caste issues were effec tively raised.
C. Bringing together people from different backgrounds produces a sense of shared community and the most notable form of this communi ty is the nation. The feeling of nationalism can be seen in the novels of Premcha nd.
D. In Premchand’s Rangbhoomi, Godan, karmabhoomi-the s ocial issues were discussed and had a great impact so far as the crea tion of social awareness was concerned.
E. Indians used novels as medium to criticize defects in society and suggest remedies.
14.Outline the changes in technology and society which led to an increase in readers of novels in 18 th century Europe.
Ans.A. The invention of the print in 18 th century led to popularity of novels because now it became quite easy to print novels because now it be came quite easy to print novels in large numbers.
B. The novels dealt with many social issues, such as l ove, marriage, proper conduct of men and women. Common people attracted towards them .
C. Novels appealed to all the sections of the society both middle class people like shopkeepers and clerks, as well as aristocratic cla ss.
D. Novels not only attacked the ills of society, but a lso suggested remedies. So they were liked by all.
E. The novels became popular medium of entertainment a mong the middle class and women readers.
15.Why were people worried about the ill - effects of novels on women and young people? Explain.
Ans.A. Many people got worried about the effects of the no vel in readers who were taken away from their real surroundings into imaginary wo rld where anything could happen.
B. Women and children were seen as easily corruptible and people felt novels took them away from real.
C. Parents kept novels in their houses out of children ’s reach.
D. Children were asked not to read or touch novels as their lives would be ruined.
E. Silent reading of novels was also criticized by man y scholars. When women began reading novels many people feared that they would n ow neglect their traditional role as wives and mothers and homes would be disord er
16.Explain the contribution of Rabindernath Tagore to the Indian Literature.
Ans.A. Rabindernath Tagore developed the Bengali novel aft er Bankim’s death. B.
His early novels were historical, later he shifted to writing stories about domestic relationships.
C. He was mainly preoccupied with the condition of wom en and nationalism.
D. Both concerns are featured in his ‘Ghare Baire’ tra nslated in 1919 as ‘The Home and the world’.
17.Who is the director of film ‘Chemmeen’? What is the concept of this film?
Ans.A. The film Chemmeen is directed by Ramu Kariat was made in 1965.
B. The novel Chemmeen (Shrimp, 1956) written by Thakaz hi Sivasankara Pillai (1912-1999), is set in the fishing community in Ker ala.
C. Characters speak a variety of Malayalam used by fis her folk in the region.
18.What kind of novels were written for lower castes?
Ans.A. Pitheri Kunjambu, a Lower caste writer from north K erala, wrote a novel called Saraswativijayam in 1892, mounting a strong attack on caste oppression.
B. From the 1920s, in Bengal a new kind of novel emerg ed that depicted the lives of peasants and low castes.
C. Advaita Malla Burman’s “Titash Ekti Nadir Naam” is an epic about the Mallas, a community of fisher folk who live of fishing in the river Titash.
19.How did the skill of writing novels developed in India?
Ans.A. The modern novel form developed in India in the nin eteenth century, as Indians became familiar with the Western with the western n ovel.
B. The development of vernaculars, print and a reading public helped in this process.
C. Some of the earliest Indian novels were written in Bengali and Marathi.
20.What were the benefits of vernacular language?
Ans.A. Novels of different regional languages helped to sp read the popularity of the novel and stimulated the growth of the novel in new areas .
B. Vernacular Novels are written in the language of pe ople. They helped in bringing different cultures close to each other.
C. By coming close to the different spoken languages o f the people, the novel produced a sense of shared world between diverse pe ople in a nation.
21.How did novels assist in spread of silent reading?
Ans.A. As late as the nineteenth century and perhaps even in the early twentieth century written texts were often read aloud for several peo ple to hear.
B. Sometimes novels were also read in this way, but in general novels encouraged reading alone and in silence.
C. Individuals sitting at home or travelling in trains enjoyed them. Even in a crowded room, the novel offered a special world of imaginat ion into which reader could slip, and be all alone.
22.Examine the popularity of novels among women during 18 th century.
Ans.A. The most exiting element of the novel was the invol vement of women. The 18 th century saw the middle classes become more prospero us.
B. Women got more leisure to read as well as write nov els.
C. Novels began exploring the world of women-their emo tions and identities, their experiences and problems.
D. Images of women reading silently in the privacy of the room became common in European paintings.
E. When women began writing novels many people feared that they would now neglect their traditional role as wives and mothers and homes would be disorder.
23.Explain the development of nove ls in Assam.
Ans.A. The first novels in Assam were written by missionaries.
B. Two of them were translations of Bengali including Phulmoni and Karuna.
C. In 1888, Assamese students in Kolkata formed the As amya Bhasar Unnatusadhan that brought out a journal called Jonaki.
D. This journal opened up the opportunities for new au thors to develop the novel. Rajanikanta Bardoloi wrote the first major historic al novel in Assam called Manomati (1900).
E. It is set in the Burmese invasion, stories of which the author had probably heard from old soldiers who had fought in the 1819 campaign.
24.Examine the contribution of Kalki in the Tamil Literature.
Ans.A. The most popular historical novelist in Tamil was R . Krishnamurthy who wrote under the pen name-‘Kalki’.
B. He was an active participant in the freedom movemen t and editor of widely read Tamil magazines Anandavikatan and kalki.
C. Written in simple language and full of heroism, adventure and suspense, Kalki’s novels captivated the Tamil-reading public of an en tire generation
25.How was the new readership of novels formed in England and France?
Ans.A. The novel first took firm root in England and Franc e
B. Novels began to be written from the seventeenth cen tury, but they really flowered from the eighteenth century.
C. New groups of lower –middle-class people such as sh opkeepers and clerks, along with the traditional aristocratic and gentlemanly c lasses in England and France now formed the new readership for novels.
26.Describe in brief about any two famous novels writt en by Charles dickens
Ans.A. In 1836 a notable event took place when Charles Dic kens’s Pickwick Papers was serialized in a magazine. Magazines were attractive since they were illustrated and cheap
B. Charles Dickens writes about the terrible effects o f industrialization on people’s lives and characters. His novel hard Times describe s Coketown, a factious industrial town as a grim place full of machinery, smoking chimney, rivers polluted purple and buildings that all looked the same.
27.Who was Emile Zola? Write about the theme of the no vel which was written by him.
Ans.A. Emile Zola was a French author and novelist.
B. Emile Zola’s novel ‘Germinal’ (1885) is based on th e terrible conditions of minors. This novel is based on the life of a young miner in France explores in harsh detail the grim conditions of miners’ life.
C. It ends on a note of despair: the strike the hero l eads fails, his co-workers turn against him and hopes shattered
28.Give a brief picture of the story ‘Mayor of Casterb ridge’.
Ans.A. The author of Mayor of Casterbridge was written by Thomas Hardy.
B. It is the story of about Michel Henchard, a rich gr ain merchant who became a mayor of Casterbridge city.
C. Being of uncertain nature he was no match for his m anager and rival Donald Farfare.
D. Donald Farfare was well regarded for his smooth and even tempered behavior with everyone.
29.Discuss some social changes in 19 th century Britain which Thomas Hardy wrote about.
Ans.A. Thomas hardy was an English novelist who highlighte d the breaking of rural communities because of industrialization.
B. He wrote about rural farming communities at the tim e when the English countryside was rapidly changing. Due to industrial ization peasants who toiled with their hands were disappearing, as large of big farmers enclosed lands, bought machines and employed laborers to produce for the m arket.
C. In his novels, Hardy has written how the process of industrialization was responsible for breaking rural communities and how a new urban culture developed at the cost of the rural culture.
30.What is a novel? What are the major differences bet ween novel and a manuscript?
Ans.A. A novel is the newest modern genre in literature im aginary pros that deals with events in the life of some imaginary characters ove r a period of time.
B. A novel is born from print, where as a manuscript i s hand written.
C. Manuscripts were difficult to prepare and there wer e few readers whereas novels are easy to print and are widely read.
D. All manuscripts are different from each other but t he printing of novels are always
31..How most of the novels of 19 th century represente d the picture of the community and the society?
Ans.A. In the 19 th century, Europe entered the industrial age. Noveli st such as Charles Dickens and Emile Zola wrote about the terrible eff ects of industrialization on people’s lives and character.
B. British novelist Thomas Hardy wrote about the tradi tional rural communities of England that were fast vanishing.
C. Pride and prejudice written by Jane Austin id about the status of women. same.
32.Why is Titash Ekti Nadir Naam considered a special novel?
Ans.A. Titash Ekti Nadir Naam is written by Advaita Malla burman.
B. Burman had featured low castes as their protagonist s, Titash is special because the author is himself from a low caste fisher folk comm unities.
C. Titash Ekti Nadir Naam is an Epic about the Mallas, a community of fisher folk who live off fishing in the river Titash.
D. The novel describes the community life of the Malla s in great detail.
33.What are serialized Novels? What are the advantages of a serialized Novel?
Ans.A. Serialized novels are those which are published in journals and magazines in installment over a long period of time.
B. Serialized novels allow the readers to relish the s uspense of a story over a long period of time.
C. These hold interest of the readers who eagerly look forward to know about the future development in the next issue.
D. It helps to increase the sale of novels and keeps t he discussion alive among readers.
34.Who is referred to as the pioneer of Hindi literat ure? What is his contribution to Hindi literature?
Ans.A. Bharatendu Harishchandra is known as the pioneer of modern Hindi literature.
B. He encouraged many members of his circle of poets a nd writers to recreate and translate novels from other languages.
C. Many novels were actually translated and adapted fr om English and Bengali under his influence.
31.What did G.A. Henty write about in his novel? Explain.
Ans.A. G.A. Henty’s historical adventure novels for boys w ere also wildly popular during the height of British Empire.
B. They aroused the excitement and adventure of conque ring strange lands.
C. They were set in Mexico, Alexandria, Siberia and ma ny other countries.
D. They were always about young boys who witness grand historical events, get involved in some military action and show what they called English courage.
E. In under Drake’s Flag two young Elizabethan adventu rers face their apparently approach death, but still remember to assert their Englishness.
32.Examine the contribution of different novelists of Hindi in India.
Ans.A. Bhartendu Harishchandra the pioneer of modern Hindi literature encourages many members of his circle of poets and writers to recre ate and translate novels from other languages.
B. Srinivas Das’ novel published in 1882 was titled Pa riksha Guru.
C. It cautioned young men of well-to-do families agai nst the dangerous influence of bad company and consequent loose morals.
D. The writings of Devaki Nandan Khatri created a nove l-reading public in Hindi.
E. It was with the writings of Premchand that the Hind i novel achieved excellence. He began writing in Urdu then shifted to Hindi.
What do you know about Anandamath?
Ans. It is a novel written by Bankimchandra.This novel is about Hindu militia that fights Muslims to establish Hindu Kingdom
What was an Epistolary novel?
Ans.The Epistolary novels used the private and personal forms of letters to tell a story
Give one example of Epistolary Novel?
Ans.'Pamela' of Samuel Richardson
Who was the writer of the novel ‘The Tenant of Wildfell Hall’?
Ans.Anne Bronte
What is the novel that shows a topsy-turvy world in which women take the place of men
Ans.Sultana's Dream was written by Rokeya Hossein
Who was vaikkom muhammad basheer
Ans.He was a renowned Muslim novelist in Malayalam.
Who was Potheri Kunambu
Ans.He was a lower caste writer from Kerala
What did Kissa-goi mean
Ans.It means the art of story telling
What is the subject matter of Premchand's novel Sevasadan
Ans.It deals with the poor condition of women in Indian society
Name the famous novel of Jane Austen
Ans.Pride and Prejudice
What is depicted in Oliver Twist
Ans.It is a story of a poor orphan who lived in the world of petty criminals and beggars later he was adopted by a wealthy person
Which was the first historical novel written in Bengal.
Ans.Anguriya Binimoy
Which novel was the first modern novel in Malayalam
Ans.Indulekha
Name the first novel writte in Hindi
Ans.Pariksh Guru
Which novel was written by Bankim chandra Chattopadhyaya
Ans.Durgesh Nandini
Who wrote the novel Chandrakanta
Ans.Devaki Nandan Khatri
Who is the writer of Saraswativijayam
Ans.Potheri Kunjambu
Name the novel which is written by Advaita Mulla Burman
Ans.Titash Ekti Nadir Naam
What is a novel
Ans.A novel is modern form of literature which contains a story
Who wrote godan
Ans.Munshi Prem Chand
Long answer Questions
1.Write any three features of Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay’s ‘Durgeshnandini’.
Ans.A.Durgeshnandini is not only Bankim’s first novel. It was the first ever novel in Bengali.
B. This novel has been made into a Bengali and a Hindi film as well.
C. It is family based drama that deals with the compli cations that arises after the death of the head of the family.
D. The story is based on the age-old fight between the good and the evil. Here are shown brothers who fight for property after the dea th of their father.
2.What were the reasons for the popularity of novels in India and the outside world?
Ans.A. Development of transportation, communication, colon ialism and development in printing facilities helped in spreading the popular ity of novels.
B. Novels generally use the vernacular language that i s spoken and easily understood by the common people.
C. Novels deal with everyday life of common people- th eir anxieties, their fears, their struggles and joys. That’s why they appeal to the c ommon people.
3.In what ways was the novel in colonial rule useful for the colonizers?
Ans.A. Novels provide the useful information to the coloni al administration about the native life and customs without which they would ha ve filtered at every day step.
B. Some of the novels translated into English proved a ll the more useful in knowing the intricacies of the Indian society.
4.In what ways was the novel in colonial rule useful for the nationalists?
Ans.A. Through novels nationalist leaders express their gr ievances against the colonial government.
B. Through novels nationalist leaders attacked the var ious social evils prevailing in the society but also suggested remedies for them.
C. The novels took up the cause of the poor people and other down trodden sections of the society, condemned their economic exploitati on and pleaded justice for them.
D. The novels also took up the cause of nationalism an d urged the people to be true to their culture and for freedom of their country.
5.What was the aim of the Indian novelist of the 19 th century?
Ans.A. They wrote the novels with a cause.
B. The novels took up the cause of the poor people and other down trodden sections of the society, condemned their economic exploitati on and pleaded justice for them
C. The British imperialist rulers regarded the Indian culture as inferior.
D. The Indian novelists challenged this attitude of th e British rulers and lay emphasize on the cultural equality with their colonial master
6.‘Novelists in colonial India w rote for a political cause’. Explain your answer with suitable arguments
Ans.A. The Britishers ruled India following the policy of divide and rule. The people of India have different identities. This was well understood by the novelist. So, through their novels, they popularize the sense of belonging to a common nation.
B. Most of the lower classes were cut from the main st ream. They lived in this their novels so that they could be seen to belong to a shared world.
C. The history written by colonial historians tended t o depict Indians as weak, divided and dependent minded and had been so in the past. These could not satisfy the taste if new Indians.
D. The new generation wanted a new view of past that w ould show that Indians could be independent minded and had been so in the past. So novels were written keeping all these things in mind.
E. People from all walks of life could read novels so long as they shared a common language. This helped in creating a sense of collec tive belongings on the basis of one’s language.
7.How did the characters like Indulekha and Madhavan inspires the contemporary generations to strike a balance between the western ideas and Indian traditional culture.
Ans.A. In Indulekha, she is portrayed as a woman of breath taking beauty, high intellectual abilities, and artistic talent and with an educatio n in Sanskrit and English.
B. The heroine rejects the foolish landlord and choose s the handsome and educated lower caste Madhavan.
C. Madhavan the hero is a member of the English educat ed class of Nayars from the University of Madras. He was also a first rate Sans krit Scholar.
D. He dressed in western clothes but he kept the long tuft of hair according to the Nayar customs. They both get married and he joins t he civil services.
E. Western way of living was attractive but the wholes ome adopting of western values would destroy traditional ways of living.
8.‘Novels helped in creating a sense of social awaren ess in India’. Explain.
Ans.A. Novels of maximum writers were related to a social problem. In which the social issue were raised. This helped in the spread of soc ial awareness among the society.
B. Novels sent a clear message for reform. Potheru Kun jambu’s ‘Sarswativijayam’ is an example. In this novel, the caste issues were effec tively raised.
C. Bringing together people from different backgrounds produces a sense of shared community and the most notable form of this communi ty is the nation. The feeling of nationalism can be seen in the novels of Premcha nd.
D. In Premchand’s Rangbhoomi, Godan, karmabhoomi-the s ocial issues were discussed and had a great impact so far as the crea tion of social awareness was concerned.
E. Indians used novels as medium to criticize defects in society and suggest remedies.
9.Briefly explain the theme of the novel ‘Godan’ written by Munshi Premchand.
Ans.A. The Novel Godan-Gift of cow was published in 1936. This novel remains Premchand’s best known work.
B. It is an epic of the Indian peasantry. The Novels t ells the story of characters-Hori and his wife Dhania-a peasant couple.
C. Money lenders, zamidaars, priest and colonial burea ucrats form a network of oppression. All these groups hold power in the soci ety and exploit the poor people.
D. They together rob the poor couple’s land and make t hem a landless labourer.
E. Hori and Dhania retain their dignity to the end.
10.Which types of problems were highlighted by the novelist Charles Dickens through his novel?
Ans.A. Charles Dickens wrote about the terrible effects of industrialization on peoples’ lives and characters.
B. In his Novel Hard Times dickens describes Coke town , a fictitious industrial town, as a grim place full of machinery, smoking chimneys , rivers polluted purple and buildings that are looked the same.
C. He also criticized not just the greed for profit bu t also the ideas that reduced human being into simple instruments of production in this novel
11.What are the main features of novel ‘Sevasadan’ wri tten by Munshi Premchand?
Ans.A. Sewasadan deals mainly with the poor condition of w omen in society.
B. Issues like child marriage and dowry are woven into the story of the novels.
C. It also tells us about the ways in which the Indian upper classes used whatever little opportunities they got from colonial authori ties to govern themselves.
12.Explain the meaning Jatra, Kabirlarai and Bhadralik .
Ans.A. Jatra is the tenth day after navaratra and is celeb rated as the day of departure of Goddess Durga.
B. Kabirlarai was a type of contest held among the poe ts. It was a public form of entertainment. The merchants of Calcutta used to pa tronize such contest.
C. Bhadralok means those people who are well-read and belong to rich families from upper-class.
13.‘Novels helped in creating a sense of social awaren ess in India’. Explain.
Ans.A. Novels of maximum writers were related to a social problem. In which the social issue were raised. This helped in the spread of soc ial awareness among the society.
B. Novels sent a clear message for reform. Potheru Kun jambu’s ‘Sarswativijayam’ is an example. In this novel, the caste issues were effec tively raised.
C. Bringing together people from different backgrounds produces a sense of shared community and the most notable form of this communi ty is the nation. The feeling of nationalism can be seen in the novels of Premcha nd.
D. In Premchand’s Rangbhoomi, Godan, karmabhoomi-the s ocial issues were discussed and had a great impact so far as the crea tion of social awareness was concerned.
E. Indians used novels as medium to criticize defects in society and suggest remedies.
14.Outline the changes in technology and society which led to an increase in readers of novels in 18 th century Europe.
Ans.A. The invention of the print in 18 th century led to popularity of novels because now it became quite easy to print novels because now it be came quite easy to print novels in large numbers.
B. The novels dealt with many social issues, such as l ove, marriage, proper conduct of men and women. Common people attracted towards them .
C. Novels appealed to all the sections of the society both middle class people like shopkeepers and clerks, as well as aristocratic cla ss.
D. Novels not only attacked the ills of society, but a lso suggested remedies. So they were liked by all.
E. The novels became popular medium of entertainment a mong the middle class and women readers.
15.Why were people worried about the ill - effects of novels on women and young people? Explain.
Ans.A. Many people got worried about the effects of the no vel in readers who were taken away from their real surroundings into imaginary wo rld where anything could happen.
B. Women and children were seen as easily corruptible and people felt novels took them away from real.
C. Parents kept novels in their houses out of children ’s reach.
D. Children were asked not to read or touch novels as their lives would be ruined.
E. Silent reading of novels was also criticized by man y scholars. When women began reading novels many people feared that they would n ow neglect their traditional role as wives and mothers and homes would be disord er
16.Explain the contribution of Rabindernath Tagore to the Indian Literature.
Ans.A. Rabindernath Tagore developed the Bengali novel aft er Bankim’s death. B.
His early novels were historical, later he shifted to writing stories about domestic relationships.
C. He was mainly preoccupied with the condition of wom en and nationalism.
D. Both concerns are featured in his ‘Ghare Baire’ tra nslated in 1919 as ‘The Home and the world’.
17.Who is the director of film ‘Chemmeen’? What is the concept of this film?
Ans.A. The film Chemmeen is directed by Ramu Kariat was made in 1965.
B. The novel Chemmeen (Shrimp, 1956) written by Thakaz hi Sivasankara Pillai (1912-1999), is set in the fishing community in Ker ala.
C. Characters speak a variety of Malayalam used by fis her folk in the region.
18.What kind of novels were written for lower castes?
Ans.A. Pitheri Kunjambu, a Lower caste writer from north K erala, wrote a novel called Saraswativijayam in 1892, mounting a strong attack on caste oppression.
B. From the 1920s, in Bengal a new kind of novel emerg ed that depicted the lives of peasants and low castes.
C. Advaita Malla Burman’s “Titash Ekti Nadir Naam” is an epic about the Mallas, a community of fisher folk who live of fishing in the river Titash.
19.How did the skill of writing novels developed in India?
Ans.A. The modern novel form developed in India in the nin eteenth century, as Indians became familiar with the Western with the western n ovel.
B. The development of vernaculars, print and a reading public helped in this process.
C. Some of the earliest Indian novels were written in Bengali and Marathi.
20.What were the benefits of vernacular language?
Ans.A. Novels of different regional languages helped to sp read the popularity of the novel and stimulated the growth of the novel in new areas .
B. Vernacular Novels are written in the language of pe ople. They helped in bringing different cultures close to each other.
C. By coming close to the different spoken languages o f the people, the novel produced a sense of shared world between diverse pe ople in a nation.
21.How did novels assist in spread of silent reading?
Ans.A. As late as the nineteenth century and perhaps even in the early twentieth century written texts were often read aloud for several peo ple to hear.
B. Sometimes novels were also read in this way, but in general novels encouraged reading alone and in silence.
C. Individuals sitting at home or travelling in trains enjoyed them. Even in a crowded room, the novel offered a special world of imaginat ion into which reader could slip, and be all alone.
22.Examine the popularity of novels among women during 18 th century.
Ans.A. The most exiting element of the novel was the invol vement of women. The 18 th century saw the middle classes become more prospero us.
B. Women got more leisure to read as well as write nov els.
C. Novels began exploring the world of women-their emo tions and identities, their experiences and problems.
D. Images of women reading silently in the privacy of the room became common in European paintings.
E. When women began writing novels many people feared that they would now neglect their traditional role as wives and mothers and homes would be disorder.
23.Explain the development of nove ls in Assam.
Ans.A. The first novels in Assam were written by missionaries.
B. Two of them were translations of Bengali including Phulmoni and Karuna.
C. In 1888, Assamese students in Kolkata formed the As amya Bhasar Unnatusadhan that brought out a journal called Jonaki.
D. This journal opened up the opportunities for new au thors to develop the novel. Rajanikanta Bardoloi wrote the first major historic al novel in Assam called Manomati (1900).
E. It is set in the Burmese invasion, stories of which the author had probably heard from old soldiers who had fought in the 1819 campaign.
24.Examine the contribution of Kalki in the Tamil Literature.
Ans.A. The most popular historical novelist in Tamil was R . Krishnamurthy who wrote under the pen name-‘Kalki’.
B. He was an active participant in the freedom movemen t and editor of widely read Tamil magazines Anandavikatan and kalki.
C. Written in simple language and full of heroism, adventure and suspense, Kalki’s novels captivated the Tamil-reading public of an en tire generation
25.How was the new readership of novels formed in England and France?
Ans.A. The novel first took firm root in England and Franc e
B. Novels began to be written from the seventeenth cen tury, but they really flowered from the eighteenth century.
C. New groups of lower –middle-class people such as sh opkeepers and clerks, along with the traditional aristocratic and gentlemanly c lasses in England and France now formed the new readership for novels.
26.Describe in brief about any two famous novels writt en by Charles dickens
Ans.A. In 1836 a notable event took place when Charles Dic kens’s Pickwick Papers was serialized in a magazine. Magazines were attractive since they were illustrated and cheap
B. Charles Dickens writes about the terrible effects o f industrialization on people’s lives and characters. His novel hard Times describe s Coketown, a factious industrial town as a grim place full of machinery, smoking chimney, rivers polluted purple and buildings that all looked the same.
27.Who was Emile Zola? Write about the theme of the no vel which was written by him.
Ans.A. Emile Zola was a French author and novelist.
B. Emile Zola’s novel ‘Germinal’ (1885) is based on th e terrible conditions of minors. This novel is based on the life of a young miner in France explores in harsh detail the grim conditions of miners’ life.
C. It ends on a note of despair: the strike the hero l eads fails, his co-workers turn against him and hopes shattered
28.Give a brief picture of the story ‘Mayor of Casterb ridge’.
Ans.A. The author of Mayor of Casterbridge was written by Thomas Hardy.
B. It is the story of about Michel Henchard, a rich gr ain merchant who became a mayor of Casterbridge city.
C. Being of uncertain nature he was no match for his m anager and rival Donald Farfare.
D. Donald Farfare was well regarded for his smooth and even tempered behavior with everyone.
29.Discuss some social changes in 19 th century Britain which Thomas Hardy wrote about.
Ans.A. Thomas hardy was an English novelist who highlighte d the breaking of rural communities because of industrialization.
B. He wrote about rural farming communities at the tim e when the English countryside was rapidly changing. Due to industrial ization peasants who toiled with their hands were disappearing, as large of big farmers enclosed lands, bought machines and employed laborers to produce for the m arket.
C. In his novels, Hardy has written how the process of industrialization was responsible for breaking rural communities and how a new urban culture developed at the cost of the rural culture.
30.What is a novel? What are the major differences bet ween novel and a manuscript?
Ans.A. A novel is the newest modern genre in literature im aginary pros that deals with events in the life of some imaginary characters ove r a period of time.
B. A novel is born from print, where as a manuscript i s hand written.
C. Manuscripts were difficult to prepare and there wer e few readers whereas novels are easy to print and are widely read.
D. All manuscripts are different from each other but t he printing of novels are always
31..How most of the novels of 19 th century represente d the picture of the community and the society?
Ans.A. In the 19 th century, Europe entered the industrial age. Noveli st such as Charles Dickens and Emile Zola wrote about the terrible eff ects of industrialization on people’s lives and character.
B. British novelist Thomas Hardy wrote about the tradi tional rural communities of England that were fast vanishing.
C. Pride and prejudice written by Jane Austin id about the status of women. same.
32.Why is Titash Ekti Nadir Naam considered a special novel?
Ans.A. Titash Ekti Nadir Naam is written by Advaita Malla burman.
B. Burman had featured low castes as their protagonist s, Titash is special because the author is himself from a low caste fisher folk comm unities.
C. Titash Ekti Nadir Naam is an Epic about the Mallas, a community of fisher folk who live off fishing in the river Titash.
D. The novel describes the community life of the Malla s in great detail.
33.What are serialized Novels? What are the advantages of a serialized Novel?
Ans.A. Serialized novels are those which are published in journals and magazines in installment over a long period of time.
B. Serialized novels allow the readers to relish the s uspense of a story over a long period of time.
C. These hold interest of the readers who eagerly look forward to know about the future development in the next issue.
D. It helps to increase the sale of novels and keeps t he discussion alive among readers.
34.Who is referred to as the pioneer of Hindi literat ure? What is his contribution to Hindi literature?
Ans.A. Bharatendu Harishchandra is known as the pioneer of modern Hindi literature.
B. He encouraged many members of his circle of poets a nd writers to recreate and translate novels from other languages.
C. Many novels were actually translated and adapted fr om English and Bengali under his influence.
31.What did G.A. Henty write about in his novel? Explain.
Ans.A. G.A. Henty’s historical adventure novels for boys w ere also wildly popular during the height of British Empire.
B. They aroused the excitement and adventure of conque ring strange lands.
C. They were set in Mexico, Alexandria, Siberia and ma ny other countries.
D. They were always about young boys who witness grand historical events, get involved in some military action and show what they called English courage.
E. In under Drake’s Flag two young Elizabethan adventu rers face their apparently approach death, but still remember to assert their Englishness.
32.Examine the contribution of different novelists of Hindi in India.
Ans.A. Bhartendu Harishchandra the pioneer of modern Hindi literature encourages many members of his circle of poets and writers to recre ate and translate novels from other languages.
B. Srinivas Das’ novel published in 1882 was titled Pa riksha Guru.
C. It cautioned young men of well-to-do families agai nst the dangerous influence of bad company and consequent loose morals.
D. The writings of Devaki Nandan Khatri created a nove l-reading public in Hindi.
E. It was with the writings of Premchand that the Hind i novel achieved excellence. He began writing in Urdu then shifted to Hindi.
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