Important Question and Answers History Class 10:The Nationalist movement in Indo china
1. Which one of the European trading company founded t he Port of FAIFO
Anst is the agency that develops standards for g oods and services.
2. Name the countries which comprise indo china?
Ans. Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam
3. Who were the Non Vietnamese, those lived in hinterl ands?
Ans. Khmer Cambodians
4. Name the French officer who led an attack against t he ruling Nguyen dynasty?
Ans. Francis Garnier
5. Can you write a brief outline about the French expl oratory force? Why do they want to explore the rivers?
Ans.A. Exploring and mapping rivers was part of the coloni al enterprises everywhere in the world.
B. Colonizers wanted to know the route of the rivers a nd their origin.
C. So that the rivers could then be properly used for trade and transport.
6. What were the features of New Edu cational Policy of western learning introduced by French in Vietnam?
Ans.A. To dismantle the Vietnamese from their traditional culture the French started new school of western learning.
B. The Tonkin Free School was started in 1907 to provi de a western style education.
C. In the new education system more stress was given t o science, hygiene and French.
D. Along with western education the policy encouraged the adoption of western style such as having a short haircut.
E. The schools also encouraged students to wear wester n cloths.
7. Why did French policy makers wanted to educate the people of Vietnam?
Ans.he French policy makers wanted to educate the people of Vietnam because of the following reasons:
A. They wanted to get cheap clerks to help them in the different fields of administration.
B. The French felt, like many Europeans, that imperial ist expansion has a noble aspect too. According to them it is a way of bringing civi lization to the backward people of the world. It is the duty of the advanced Europeans to introduce the modern ideas in their colonies.
C. Like the British in India, the French claimed that they are bringing modern civilization to the Vietnamese.
8. Explain any three challenges faced by the new Repub lic of Vietnam after 1945?
Ans.A. The French tried to regain control of Vietnam with the help of Vietnamese Emperor Bai Dai who was acting as their puppet. As a result , the New Republic had to fight the French occupation for more than eight years (19 45 to 1954).
B. The peace negotiation in Geneva following the war w ith France divided the Vietnam into two parts, North Vietnam and South Vietnam whi ch led to a conflict.
C. The US entry into war in 1965 brought further miser ies to the Vietnamese people.
9. What were the c auses of the defeat of the French forces in the bat tle of Dien Bien Phu?
Ans.Following are the causes of the defeat of the F rench forces in the battle of Dien Bien Phu:
A. The valley where the French garrisons were located was flooded in the monsoons which made it impossible for the French forces and tanks to move.
B. The whole area was covered with bushes and jungles making it difficult for the French air forces to trace the anti-aircraft guns h idden in the bushes and the jungles.
C. In 1954 the Viet Minh surrounded 12000 French troop s and inflicted upon them a crushing defeat at the fortress of Dien Bien Phu.
10. How did the battle against French colonial educatio n become a part of the battle against colonialism and for independence in Vietnam ? Explain.
Ans.A. Like other colonial powers, the French tried to op en their own schools in Vietnam so that they could get cheaper clerks and educated local labour forces. But to tell the Vietnamese that they were doing so because to civil ize them was nothing less than insulting them. Such thing was greatly resisted by the people.
B. The French Government tried to systematically disma ntle the traditional system especially by adopting only the French language as the medium of instruction. Bust such a policies were resisted by the people who had great attachment for the local Vietnamese languages.
C. French tried to force their own culture on the stud ents and make them look modern by cutting their hair. It enraged the people becaus e the Vietnamese people traditionally kept long hairs.
11. What was the main obje ctive to start Rat hunt by French in Vietnam? Why were the French forced to start the bounty program to ki ll the rat hunt?
Ans.A. Objective to start rat hunt: The modern part of Han oi was struck by bubonic plague. In this area French people were living. To fight th e plague, French started Rat Hunt Program in 1902.
B. The large sewers in the modern part of city, a symb ol of modernity, were an ideal and protected breeding ground of rats.
C. The sewers also served as great transport system, a llowing the rats to move around the city without any problem.
D. The rats began to enter the well cared homes of the French through the sewage pipes. To stem this invasion, a rat hunt was starte d. The bounty was paid was paid for each rat they hunted.
E. Vietnamese befooled the French by just showing when a tail as the proof that a rat had been killed.
12. “Japan played a negative role in the nationalist mo vement of Vietnam” What facts will you use to interpret this term? (Any two facts )
Ans. Following are the two examples which show tha t Japan played a negative role in the Nationalist Movement of Vietnam.
A. The year 1940 brought a turning point in the histor y of Vietnam. In 1940 Japan who had become an imperial power occupied some parts of Vietnam to control South East Asia. So now people of Vietnam and the nationa list had to fight against the Japanese as well as French Forces.
B. In 1907-08 some 300 Vietnamese nationalist students went to Japan to acquire modern education. For most of them the primary aim was to drive out the French from Vietnam. These nationalists looked for foreign arms and help. The appealed to the Japanese as fellow Asian. Instead of giving any assistance in 1908 the Japanese Ministry of Interior clamped down on Vietnamese nat ionalists. Many nationalist including Phan Boi Chau, were deported and forced t o seek exile in China and Thailand.
1. Name the blind poet of Vietnam who bemoaned what was hap pening in his country.
Ans.Ngyuyen Dinh Chieu
2. W hich river was explored b y French exploratory force, in w hich Garnier participated?
Ans.Mekong River
3. Who was the head of The Revolutionary Society forme d by Phan Boi Chau in 1903?
Ans.Prince Cuong De
4. Who wrote the book ‘The History of the Loss of Viet nam’?
Ans.Phan Boi Chau
5. Can you explain the subject matter of the Book, ‘Th e History of the Loss of Vietnam’? Who wrote this book?
Ans.A. Phan Boi Chau wrote his world famous book ‘the Hist ory of the loss of Vietnam’ under the string influence and advice of Liang Qich ao.
B. The book became a widely read bestseller in Vietnam and China and was even made into a play.
C. His book focused on two connected themes-the loss o f sovereignty and the severing of ties with China i.e., ties bound the elites of t he two countries within a shared culture.
6. When and by whom the Hoa - Hao Movement was founded? What were his vie w s?
Ans. Hoa –Hao Movement was founded by Huynh Phu So in 1939. Following were his views:
A. He was a great social reformer.
B. He opposed the sale of child brides.
C. He opposed gambling and use of alcohol and opium.
D. He criticized useless expenditures.
E. He was in the favour of helping the poor people.
7. How were Vietnamese nationalists inspired by china and Japan to set up a democratic republic? Elaborate your answer with exa mples.
Ans.A. The early Vietnamese nationalists had a close relat ionship with Japan and china. Both these countries served to be a refugee camp fo r those who were escaping from the colonial government.
B. In the 20 th century a Go East Movement became popular. It was a political movement that encouraged Vietnamese to go east to J apan to study. Most of the nationalist also wanted to establish a strong milit ary in Vietnam on the lines of Japan which has defeated Russia in 1907.
C. The Vietnamese nationalists were also inspired by t he revolutionary movement which occurred in China. In 1911, the long establis hed monarchy in China was overthrown by a popular movement under Sun Yat Sen, and a Republic was set up.
8. How did the teachers contribute to national movemen t in Vietnam? Explain.
Ans.A. The Vietnamese teachers did not follow the curricul um framed by the French.
B. Sometime there was an open opposition and at other times there was an open opposition and at other times there was silent resi stance.
C. As the number if Vietnamese teachers increased in t he lower classes they quietly modified the text and criticized what was written i n the books.
9. Write down any three basic objectives of ‘Go East M ovement’ in Vietnam?
Ans.Following are the three objectives of Go East M ovement.
A. In 1907-08, some 300 Vietnamese students went to Ja pan to acquire modern education. This was the Go East Movement.
B. It was a political movement that encouraged Vietnam ese to go to Japan to study, in the hope of training a new era of revolutionaries t o rise against French colonial rule.
C. Their main objective was to drive out the French fr om Vietnam, overthrow the puppet emperor.
D. Vietnamese were also wanted to re establish the Ngu yen dynasty that had been deposed by the French.
10. Name the school where major protests were erupted i n 1926? What was the reason for protests?
Ans.A. An incident which happened in Saigon native Girls S chool in 1926 created much bad-blood in Vietnam.
B. A Vietnamese girl sitting in one of the front seats was asked to move to the back seat to allow a local French student to occupy the front bench. This was because the front seats were reserved for the French students.
C. When the Vietnamese girl refused, the principal who was colon terminated the girl.
D. This lead to open protests against the school autho rities.
11. “ He and I were pursuing one and the same goal, but our mean s were considerably different”. Who said these words? Can you make a di stinction between the views of Phan boi chau and Phan chu Trinh?
Ans.
12. Write a detail outline about the resistance in scho ols a gain st the French colonial rule.
Ans. 12. A. Teachers and students oppose the curriculum openly and sometimes silently.
B. Vietnamese teachers quietly modify the text and cri ticized the syllabus prescribed in the books provide by the French.
C. Saigon Native Girls school incident was an open exa mple of resistance against the colonial education system. Angry students protested against the principal and school authority.
D. Students fought against the colonial government’s e fforts to prevent the Vietnamese from qualifying for white-collar jobs.
E. By 1920, students were forming various political pa rties, such as the Party of Young Annan.
F. Students start publishing nationalist journals such as the Annanese students to raise the feeling of nationalism among Vietnamese s tudents.
G. School also became an important place for political and cultural battles
1. In which year the final link of trans-Indo China ra il network was completed?
Ans. 1910.
2. What was the Vietminh?
Ans. League for the independence of Vietnam
3. Which movement gained popularity in the Mekong Delt a region of Vietnam?
Ans. Hoa Hao
4. In which year Laos was added to French Indo China?
Ans.1893
5. Name the Vietnam’s Nationalist leader who was inten sely hostile to the monarchy? What were his views?
Ans.A. Phan chu trin was intensely hostile to the monarchy .
B. He opposed the Idea of resisting the French with th e help of the court.
C. He was profoundly influenced by the democratic idea s of west.
D. He did not want a whole sale rejection of western c ivilization.
E. He wished to overthrow the monarchy in order to cre ate a basis for the formation of popular rights.
F. His plan was the raise up of people to abolish the monarchy.
G. He demanded that the French set up legal and educat ional institutional and develop agriculture and industries.
6. Name the Vietnam’s nationalist leader who wants to use monarch y against French? What were his views?
Ans.A. Phan Boi Chau was in favour of taking support of th e monarchy to over throw the French.
B. Chau was not in favour of raising people to abolish monarchy.
C. He was to resist the French with the help of the Co urt. Chau educated in Confucian tradition and was influenced by Chinese reformer Li ang Qichao.
D. Chau advocated that the first the foreign enemy sho uld be driven out and after achieving independence, other things could be discu ssed.
E. Phan Boi Chau lamented the loss of sovereignty of s evering ties with china.
7. What was the main turning point in the Nationalist Movement in I ndo - China? Justify your answer with Suitable examples.
Ans.A. The year 1940 brought a turning point in the histor y of Vietnam.
B. In 1940 Japan who had become an imperial power occu pied some parts of Vietnam to control South East Asia.
C. So now people of Vietnam and the nationalist had to fight against the Japanese as well as French Forces.
D. The Vietnamese nationalists resisted the Japanese o ccupation under Ho Chi Minh and organized people’s army known as Viet Minh.
8. Describe any three features of the Tonkin Free Scho ol?
Ans.A. The Tonkin Free School was a short lived but histor ically significant educational institution that aimed to reform Vietnamese society under French Colonialism.
B. The school was founded in 1907 with the participati on of many nationalists like Phan Boi Chau and Phan Chu trinh.
C. The main objective of this school was to promote we stern education in Vietnam.
9. Highl ight any three limitations of New Educational Policy introduced by French in Vietnam?
Ans.9.Following are the limitations of New Educationa l policy:
A. New textbooks introduced by French glorified the Fr ench rule and justified colonial rule.
B. In the textbooks the Vietnamese were represented as primitive and backward, capable of manual labour.
C. School children were taught that only French rule c ould provide a suitable atmosphere for the overall development of Vietnames e. Whereas the reality was opposite.
10. Explain any three impact of Great Depression of 193 0s on Vietnam.
Ans. Impact of Great Depression on Vietnam:
A. The great Depression of the 1930’s had a profound i mpact on Vietnam.
B. The prices of rubber and rice fell, leading to risi ng rural debts, unemployment and rural uprising, such as in the provinces of Nghe an d ha Tinh.
C. The French put these uprisings down with great seve rity, even using planes to bomb demonstrations.
11. “Asiatic France solidly tied to European France”. H ighlight the first opinion regarding the language of medium of instruction in Vietnam.
Ans.A. Some policy- makers were in favour of the French la nguage as the medium of instruction.
B. Because according to them this would promote French culture in Vietnam.
C. By learning the language, they felt, the Vietnamese would be introduced to the culture and civilization of France.
D. This would help create an Asiatic France solidly ti ed to European France.
E. The educated people in Vietnam would respect French sentiments and ideals, see the superiority of French culture, and work for Fre nch.
12. Can you write a detailed outline about the contribu tion of Ho Chi Minh in the Nationalist Movement of Indo-China?
Ans.A. In February 1930, Ho Chi Minh brought together comp eting nationalist groups to establish the Vietnamese Communist (Vietnam Cong Sa n Dang) Party, later renamed as the Indo- Chinese Communist party.
B. He was inspired by the militant demonstrations of t he European communist parties.
C. The Vietnamese nationalists resisted the Japanese o ccupation under Ho Chi Minh and organized people’s army known as Viet Minh.
D. During the last phase of Second World War Viet Minh captured a large part of Vietnam under the leadership of Ho Chi Minh. The na tionalist declared the democratic Republic of Vietnam in August 1945 with Ho Chi Minh as President.
E. In 1954, the victory of Viet Minh over French was t he great achievement of Ho Chi Minh.
1. In which year French established a firm grip over the Northern region of Vietnam?
Ans.By the mid 1880s French established a firm gri p over the Northern region of Vietnam.
2. Name the dynasty which was ruling in Vietnam when F rancis Attacked Vietnam.
Ans. Nguyen Dynasty
3. When was French Indo China Formed?
Ans. 1887
4. When did the French troops Landed in Vietnam?
Ans. 1858
5. Can you explain the contribution of Francis Garnier to establish French control over Vietnam?
Ans.A. Garnier was a part of the French team that explored the Mekong River.
B. In 1873 he was commissioned by French to try and es tablish a French colony in Tonkin in the north.
C. By the mid -1880s they established firm grip over n orthern region.
D. Garnier carried out an attack on Hanoi, the capitol of Tonkin, but was killed in the fight.
6. What were the of Paul Barnard’s suggestions to redu ce rural poverty and increase agricultural production of the Vietnam?
Ans.A. Paul Barnard was an influential writer and a policy maker. He strongly believed that colonies should be developed.
B. To reduce rural poverty and increase agricultural p roduction of the Vietnam Barnard suggested that it was necessary to carry ou t land reforms as the Japanese had done in the 1890’s.
C. However, this could not ensure sufficient employmen t. As the experiences of Japan showed, Industrialization would be essential to cre ate more jobs
7. What was the main objective of French behind the in frastructural developments in Vietnam? Explain any two steps taken by French to achieve their objective?
Ans.A. Objective of French: To exploit the natural resourc es of Vietnam was the main objective of French behind the infrastructural deve lopments in Vietnam.
B. Steps taken by French to achieve their objective: The French began building canals and draining lands in the Mekong Delta to increase cultivation. Infrastructure projects were developed to help the transportation of goods.
C. The system of irrigation works-canals and earth wor ks was built mainly with forced labour.
D. Trans Indo-China rail network was constructed.
8. What was the approach of French behind the necessit y of Colonies? Explain.
Ans.Following were reasons due to which French want to establish colonies:
A. They want to exploit the resources of colonies. Col onies were considered essential to supply natural resources and other essential goo ds.
B. To bring the benefit of civilization to uncivilized societies. Most of the European countries were of the opinion that European countri es were of the opinion that Afro-Asian people were uncivilized and thought it w as the mission of the advanced. European countries were to bring the benefits of ci vilization to backward people.
9. Which fact will you highlight to explain the nature of colonial economy in Vietnam?
Ans.A. Colonial economy of Vietnam was primarily based on rice cultivation and rubber plantation. B. Like other imperial powers, the main objective of t he French also subjected to Vietnamese economy to the interests of mother count ry. C. Imperial French exploit the natural resources of Vi etnam with an objective to earn huge profit. French took some steps to develop the infrastructure of Vietnam with an objective to exploit the natural resources of Vi etnam. D. French also want to establish their culture and tra dition upon the Vietnamese.
10. How did students in Vietnam fight against the colon ial government’s efforts to prevent Vietnamese from qualifying for white collar Jobs? Explain.
Ans.A. Students were inspired by patriotic feelings and th e conviction that it was the duty of the educated to fight for the benefit of society . B. These patriotic feelings brought the students into conflict with French and the traditional elite, because both saw their position threatened. C. By the 1920s students were forming various politica l parties, such as the Party of Young Annan and publishing nationalist journals such as the Annanese Students. D. Schools thus became an important place for politica l and cultural battle. E. Saigon Native Girls schools incident was a major pr otest erupt in 1926 against colonial rule.
11. How would you explain the shadow or influence of ch ina over Vietnamese?
Ans.A. In early history Vietnam once under the control of empire of China. B. After getting independence from Chinese emperors th e Vietnamese rulers continued to maintain the Chinese system of governm ent as well Chinese Culture. C. The elites in Vietnam were powerfully influenced by Chinese culture. They were educated in Chinese Confucianism. D. Chinese was the language used by the elites of Viet nam. E. Vietnam’s religious beliefs were a mixture of Buddh ism and Confucianism. Confucius was a Chinese thinker. F. Phan Boi Chau a reformer, wrote his book, The H istory of the Loss of Vietnam under the influence and advice Chinese reformer Lia ng Qichao. G. Trung Sisters and Trieu Au fought against Chinese d ominance.
12. Describe any five steps taken by the French to dism antle the Chinese influence on Vietnamese.
Ans.A. They established French schools for the Vietnamese. They wanted to replace Chinese language in schools by French.
B. Some policy makers emphasized the use of French lan guage as the medium of teaching.
C. French introduced School books which glorified the French and justified colonial rule. In books Vietnamese were represented as primi tive and backward, capable of manual books.
D. In 1907, Tonkin Free School was started to provide western style education to spread French culture. The idea of looking modern i mplemented in this school.
E. In, religion French introduced Christianity in Viet nam.
F. They propagated French culture among the youths of Vietnam. The few who learnt French language and acquired French Culture were to be rewarded with French citizenship.
1. Name the areas which come under the control of Fren ch after Franco Chinese war?
Ans.Tonkin and Anaam
2. When was Francis Garnier commissioned by French to establish control over Vietnam?
Ans. 1873
3. Which is most visible form of French control over V ietnam?
Ans. Military and Economic domination
4. Name the war after which Tonkin and Anaam come unde r the control of French?
Ans.Franco Chinese War
5. What lessons Barnard Learnt from the land reforms a nd Industrialization of Japan?
Ans.A. Paul Barnard was an influential writer and a policy maker.
B. He strongly believed that colonies should be develo ped.
C. To reduce rural poverty and increase agricultural p roduction of the Vietnam Barnard suggested that it was necessary to carry ou t land reforms as the Japanese had done in the 1890’s.
D. However, this could not ensure sufficient employmen t. As the experiences of Japan showed, Industrialization would be essential to cre ate more jobs.
6. What wa s the approach of syllabus introduced by French to teach Vietnamese?
Ans.A. School textbooks glorified the French and Justified colonial rule.
B. In the syllabus the Vietnamese were represented as primitive and backward, capable of manual Labour but not of intellectual re flection.
C. They could work in the fields but not rule themselv es. They were skilled copyists but not creative.
D. School children were told that only French rule cou ld ensure peace in Vietnam. The approach of the syllabus was to degrade the Vietnam ese and glorify French
7. How would you describe the diversity of religion in Vietnam?
Ans.A. Vietnam’s religious beliefs were a mixture of Buddh ism, Confucianism and local practices.
B. Religious beliefs among the peasantry were shaped b y a variety of Syncretic traditions that combined Buddhism and local beliefs .
C. Elites of Vietnam were Buddhists and some are Confu cius’s.
D. There were many popular religions in Vietnam that w ere spread by people who claimed to have seen vision of God
8. Explain the different efforts done by France to inc rease the production of rice in Vietnam.
Ans.A. The French began building canals and draining lands in the Mekong Delta to increase cultivation.
B. Infrastructure projects were developed to help the transportation of goods.
C. The system of irrigation works-canals and earth wor ks was built mainly with forced labour.
D. The area under rice cultivation went up from 2, 74, 000 hectares in 1773 to 1.1 million hectares in 1900 and 2.2 million in 1930.
9. How would you explain the formation of French Indo- China?
Ans.A. One of the most visible forms of French control was military.
B. French troops landed in Vietnam in 1858 by the mid 1880s, they had established a firm grip over the northern region.
C. After the Franco-Chinese war, the French assumed co ntrol of Tonkin and Anaam and in 1887 the French Indo-China was formed.
D. In the following decades the French sought to conso lidate their position in Vietnam.
10. Who were indentured laborers? Elaborate the working condition of indentured laborers?
Ans.A. Indentured Labour: It is the form of labour widely used in the plantations from the mid nineteenth century.
B. Working Conditions of workers were very miserable.
C. Labourers worked on the basis of contracts that did not specify any rights of Labourers and gave immense power to employers.
D. Employers could bring criminal charges against Labo urers and punish and jail them for non-fulfillment of contracts.
11. Can you explain in detail, the reasons behind the d efeat of French troops in the North eastern Valley of Dien Bien Phu?
Ans.A. At Dien Bien Phu the French were outwitted by the V ietminh forces led by General VO Nguyen Giap. The Commander of French forces Nava rre, had not thought of all the problems he would face in the battle.
B. The valley where French garrisons were located was flooded in the monsoon and the area was covered with bushes, making it difficu lt to move troops and tanks, or trace the Vietminh anti-aircraft guns hidden in the jungle.
C. From their bases in the hills, the Vietminh surroun ded the French garrisons in the valley below, digging trenches and tunnels to move without being detected.
D. Supplies and reinforcement could not reach the besi eged French garrison.
E. The wounded French soldiers could not move, and the French airstrip become unusable of continues artillery fire.
12. What were the main reasons behind the US interventi on in the Civil War of Vietnam? Ans.A. US feel bad with the defeat of its alley country Fr ance in 1954 at the fortress of Dien Bien Phu.
B. In Geneva conference Vietnam was divided into two p arts-North and South Vietnam.
C. US were against the spread of Socialism. In North V ietnam socialist government was going to be established under the leadership of Ho chi Minh.
D. In southern Vietnam National Liberation front becam e very strong and they opposed the doctorial rule of Ngo Dinh Diem.
E. With the help of the Ho Chi Minh government in the north, The NFL fought for the unification of country.
F. US were apprehensive of an alliance between Nati onal Liberation Front and Ho chi Minh.
1. Which one of the European trading company founded t he Port of FAIFO
Anst is the agency that develops standards for g oods and services.
2. Name the countries which comprise indo china?
Ans. Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam
3. Who were the Non Vietnamese, those lived in hinterl ands?
Ans. Khmer Cambodians
4. Name the French officer who led an attack against t he ruling Nguyen dynasty?
Ans. Francis Garnier
5. Can you write a brief outline about the French expl oratory force? Why do they want to explore the rivers?
Ans.A. Exploring and mapping rivers was part of the coloni al enterprises everywhere in the world.
B. Colonizers wanted to know the route of the rivers a nd their origin.
C. So that the rivers could then be properly used for trade and transport.
6. What were the features of New Edu cational Policy of western learning introduced by French in Vietnam?
Ans.A. To dismantle the Vietnamese from their traditional culture the French started new school of western learning.
B. The Tonkin Free School was started in 1907 to provi de a western style education.
C. In the new education system more stress was given t o science, hygiene and French.
D. Along with western education the policy encouraged the adoption of western style such as having a short haircut.
E. The schools also encouraged students to wear wester n cloths.
7. Why did French policy makers wanted to educate the people of Vietnam?
Ans.he French policy makers wanted to educate the people of Vietnam because of the following reasons:
A. They wanted to get cheap clerks to help them in the different fields of administration.
B. The French felt, like many Europeans, that imperial ist expansion has a noble aspect too. According to them it is a way of bringing civi lization to the backward people of the world. It is the duty of the advanced Europeans to introduce the modern ideas in their colonies.
C. Like the British in India, the French claimed that they are bringing modern civilization to the Vietnamese.
8. Explain any three challenges faced by the new Repub lic of Vietnam after 1945?
Ans.A. The French tried to regain control of Vietnam with the help of Vietnamese Emperor Bai Dai who was acting as their puppet. As a result , the New Republic had to fight the French occupation for more than eight years (19 45 to 1954).
B. The peace negotiation in Geneva following the war w ith France divided the Vietnam into two parts, North Vietnam and South Vietnam whi ch led to a conflict.
C. The US entry into war in 1965 brought further miser ies to the Vietnamese people.
9. What were the c auses of the defeat of the French forces in the bat tle of Dien Bien Phu?
Ans.Following are the causes of the defeat of the F rench forces in the battle of Dien Bien Phu:
A. The valley where the French garrisons were located was flooded in the monsoons which made it impossible for the French forces and tanks to move.
B. The whole area was covered with bushes and jungles making it difficult for the French air forces to trace the anti-aircraft guns h idden in the bushes and the jungles.
C. In 1954 the Viet Minh surrounded 12000 French troop s and inflicted upon them a crushing defeat at the fortress of Dien Bien Phu.
10. How did the battle against French colonial educatio n become a part of the battle against colonialism and for independence in Vietnam ? Explain.
Ans.A. Like other colonial powers, the French tried to op en their own schools in Vietnam so that they could get cheaper clerks and educated local labour forces. But to tell the Vietnamese that they were doing so because to civil ize them was nothing less than insulting them. Such thing was greatly resisted by the people.
B. The French Government tried to systematically disma ntle the traditional system especially by adopting only the French language as the medium of instruction. Bust such a policies were resisted by the people who had great attachment for the local Vietnamese languages.
C. French tried to force their own culture on the stud ents and make them look modern by cutting their hair. It enraged the people becaus e the Vietnamese people traditionally kept long hairs.
11. What was the main obje ctive to start Rat hunt by French in Vietnam? Why were the French forced to start the bounty program to ki ll the rat hunt?
Ans.A. Objective to start rat hunt: The modern part of Han oi was struck by bubonic plague. In this area French people were living. To fight th e plague, French started Rat Hunt Program in 1902.
B. The large sewers in the modern part of city, a symb ol of modernity, were an ideal and protected breeding ground of rats.
C. The sewers also served as great transport system, a llowing the rats to move around the city without any problem.
D. The rats began to enter the well cared homes of the French through the sewage pipes. To stem this invasion, a rat hunt was starte d. The bounty was paid was paid for each rat they hunted.
E. Vietnamese befooled the French by just showing when a tail as the proof that a rat had been killed.
12. “Japan played a negative role in the nationalist mo vement of Vietnam” What facts will you use to interpret this term? (Any two facts )
Ans. Following are the two examples which show tha t Japan played a negative role in the Nationalist Movement of Vietnam.
A. The year 1940 brought a turning point in the histor y of Vietnam. In 1940 Japan who had become an imperial power occupied some parts of Vietnam to control South East Asia. So now people of Vietnam and the nationa list had to fight against the Japanese as well as French Forces.
B. In 1907-08 some 300 Vietnamese nationalist students went to Japan to acquire modern education. For most of them the primary aim was to drive out the French from Vietnam. These nationalists looked for foreign arms and help. The appealed to the Japanese as fellow Asian. Instead of giving any assistance in 1908 the Japanese Ministry of Interior clamped down on Vietnamese nat ionalists. Many nationalist including Phan Boi Chau, were deported and forced t o seek exile in China and Thailand.
1. Name the blind poet of Vietnam who bemoaned what was hap pening in his country.
Ans.Ngyuyen Dinh Chieu
2. W hich river was explored b y French exploratory force, in w hich Garnier participated?
Ans.Mekong River
3. Who was the head of The Revolutionary Society forme d by Phan Boi Chau in 1903?
Ans.Prince Cuong De
4. Who wrote the book ‘The History of the Loss of Viet nam’?
Ans.Phan Boi Chau
5. Can you explain the subject matter of the Book, ‘Th e History of the Loss of Vietnam’? Who wrote this book?
Ans.A. Phan Boi Chau wrote his world famous book ‘the Hist ory of the loss of Vietnam’ under the string influence and advice of Liang Qich ao.
B. The book became a widely read bestseller in Vietnam and China and was even made into a play.
C. His book focused on two connected themes-the loss o f sovereignty and the severing of ties with China i.e., ties bound the elites of t he two countries within a shared culture.
6. When and by whom the Hoa - Hao Movement was founded? What were his vie w s?
Ans. Hoa –Hao Movement was founded by Huynh Phu So in 1939. Following were his views:
A. He was a great social reformer.
B. He opposed the sale of child brides.
C. He opposed gambling and use of alcohol and opium.
D. He criticized useless expenditures.
E. He was in the favour of helping the poor people.
7. How were Vietnamese nationalists inspired by china and Japan to set up a democratic republic? Elaborate your answer with exa mples.
Ans.A. The early Vietnamese nationalists had a close relat ionship with Japan and china. Both these countries served to be a refugee camp fo r those who were escaping from the colonial government.
B. In the 20 th century a Go East Movement became popular. It was a political movement that encouraged Vietnamese to go east to J apan to study. Most of the nationalist also wanted to establish a strong milit ary in Vietnam on the lines of Japan which has defeated Russia in 1907.
C. The Vietnamese nationalists were also inspired by t he revolutionary movement which occurred in China. In 1911, the long establis hed monarchy in China was overthrown by a popular movement under Sun Yat Sen, and a Republic was set up.
8. How did the teachers contribute to national movemen t in Vietnam? Explain.
Ans.A. The Vietnamese teachers did not follow the curricul um framed by the French.
B. Sometime there was an open opposition and at other times there was an open opposition and at other times there was silent resi stance.
C. As the number if Vietnamese teachers increased in t he lower classes they quietly modified the text and criticized what was written i n the books.
9. Write down any three basic objectives of ‘Go East M ovement’ in Vietnam?
Ans.Following are the three objectives of Go East M ovement.
A. In 1907-08, some 300 Vietnamese students went to Ja pan to acquire modern education. This was the Go East Movement.
B. It was a political movement that encouraged Vietnam ese to go to Japan to study, in the hope of training a new era of revolutionaries t o rise against French colonial rule.
C. Their main objective was to drive out the French fr om Vietnam, overthrow the puppet emperor.
D. Vietnamese were also wanted to re establish the Ngu yen dynasty that had been deposed by the French.
10. Name the school where major protests were erupted i n 1926? What was the reason for protests?
Ans.A. An incident which happened in Saigon native Girls S chool in 1926 created much bad-blood in Vietnam.
B. A Vietnamese girl sitting in one of the front seats was asked to move to the back seat to allow a local French student to occupy the front bench. This was because the front seats were reserved for the French students.
C. When the Vietnamese girl refused, the principal who was colon terminated the girl.
D. This lead to open protests against the school autho rities.
11. “ He and I were pursuing one and the same goal, but our mean s were considerably different”. Who said these words? Can you make a di stinction between the views of Phan boi chau and Phan chu Trinh?
Ans.
12. Write a detail outline about the resistance in scho ols a gain st the French colonial rule.
Ans. 12. A. Teachers and students oppose the curriculum openly and sometimes silently.
B. Vietnamese teachers quietly modify the text and cri ticized the syllabus prescribed in the books provide by the French.
C. Saigon Native Girls school incident was an open exa mple of resistance against the colonial education system. Angry students protested against the principal and school authority.
D. Students fought against the colonial government’s e fforts to prevent the Vietnamese from qualifying for white-collar jobs.
E. By 1920, students were forming various political pa rties, such as the Party of Young Annan.
F. Students start publishing nationalist journals such as the Annanese students to raise the feeling of nationalism among Vietnamese s tudents.
G. School also became an important place for political and cultural battles
1. In which year the final link of trans-Indo China ra il network was completed?
Ans. 1910.
2. What was the Vietminh?
Ans. League for the independence of Vietnam
3. Which movement gained popularity in the Mekong Delt a region of Vietnam?
Ans. Hoa Hao
4. In which year Laos was added to French Indo China?
Ans.1893
5. Name the Vietnam’s Nationalist leader who was inten sely hostile to the monarchy? What were his views?
Ans.A. Phan chu trin was intensely hostile to the monarchy .
B. He opposed the Idea of resisting the French with th e help of the court.
C. He was profoundly influenced by the democratic idea s of west.
D. He did not want a whole sale rejection of western c ivilization.
E. He wished to overthrow the monarchy in order to cre ate a basis for the formation of popular rights.
F. His plan was the raise up of people to abolish the monarchy.
G. He demanded that the French set up legal and educat ional institutional and develop agriculture and industries.
6. Name the Vietnam’s nationalist leader who wants to use monarch y against French? What were his views?
Ans.A. Phan Boi Chau was in favour of taking support of th e monarchy to over throw the French.
B. Chau was not in favour of raising people to abolish monarchy.
C. He was to resist the French with the help of the Co urt. Chau educated in Confucian tradition and was influenced by Chinese reformer Li ang Qichao.
D. Chau advocated that the first the foreign enemy sho uld be driven out and after achieving independence, other things could be discu ssed.
E. Phan Boi Chau lamented the loss of sovereignty of s evering ties with china.
7. What was the main turning point in the Nationalist Movement in I ndo - China? Justify your answer with Suitable examples.
Ans.A. The year 1940 brought a turning point in the histor y of Vietnam.
B. In 1940 Japan who had become an imperial power occu pied some parts of Vietnam to control South East Asia.
C. So now people of Vietnam and the nationalist had to fight against the Japanese as well as French Forces.
D. The Vietnamese nationalists resisted the Japanese o ccupation under Ho Chi Minh and organized people’s army known as Viet Minh.
8. Describe any three features of the Tonkin Free Scho ol?
Ans.A. The Tonkin Free School was a short lived but histor ically significant educational institution that aimed to reform Vietnamese society under French Colonialism.
B. The school was founded in 1907 with the participati on of many nationalists like Phan Boi Chau and Phan Chu trinh.
C. The main objective of this school was to promote we stern education in Vietnam.
9. Highl ight any three limitations of New Educational Policy introduced by French in Vietnam?
Ans.9.Following are the limitations of New Educationa l policy:
A. New textbooks introduced by French glorified the Fr ench rule and justified colonial rule.
B. In the textbooks the Vietnamese were represented as primitive and backward, capable of manual labour.
C. School children were taught that only French rule c ould provide a suitable atmosphere for the overall development of Vietnames e. Whereas the reality was opposite.
10. Explain any three impact of Great Depression of 193 0s on Vietnam.
Ans. Impact of Great Depression on Vietnam:
A. The great Depression of the 1930’s had a profound i mpact on Vietnam.
B. The prices of rubber and rice fell, leading to risi ng rural debts, unemployment and rural uprising, such as in the provinces of Nghe an d ha Tinh.
C. The French put these uprisings down with great seve rity, even using planes to bomb demonstrations.
11. “Asiatic France solidly tied to European France”. H ighlight the first opinion regarding the language of medium of instruction in Vietnam.
Ans.A. Some policy- makers were in favour of the French la nguage as the medium of instruction.
B. Because according to them this would promote French culture in Vietnam.
C. By learning the language, they felt, the Vietnamese would be introduced to the culture and civilization of France.
D. This would help create an Asiatic France solidly ti ed to European France.
E. The educated people in Vietnam would respect French sentiments and ideals, see the superiority of French culture, and work for Fre nch.
12. Can you write a detailed outline about the contribu tion of Ho Chi Minh in the Nationalist Movement of Indo-China?
Ans.A. In February 1930, Ho Chi Minh brought together comp eting nationalist groups to establish the Vietnamese Communist (Vietnam Cong Sa n Dang) Party, later renamed as the Indo- Chinese Communist party.
B. He was inspired by the militant demonstrations of t he European communist parties.
C. The Vietnamese nationalists resisted the Japanese o ccupation under Ho Chi Minh and organized people’s army known as Viet Minh.
D. During the last phase of Second World War Viet Minh captured a large part of Vietnam under the leadership of Ho Chi Minh. The na tionalist declared the democratic Republic of Vietnam in August 1945 with Ho Chi Minh as President.
E. In 1954, the victory of Viet Minh over French was t he great achievement of Ho Chi Minh.
1. In which year French established a firm grip over the Northern region of Vietnam?
Ans.By the mid 1880s French established a firm gri p over the Northern region of Vietnam.
2. Name the dynasty which was ruling in Vietnam when F rancis Attacked Vietnam.
Ans. Nguyen Dynasty
3. When was French Indo China Formed?
Ans. 1887
4. When did the French troops Landed in Vietnam?
Ans. 1858
5. Can you explain the contribution of Francis Garnier to establish French control over Vietnam?
Ans.A. Garnier was a part of the French team that explored the Mekong River.
B. In 1873 he was commissioned by French to try and es tablish a French colony in Tonkin in the north.
C. By the mid -1880s they established firm grip over n orthern region.
D. Garnier carried out an attack on Hanoi, the capitol of Tonkin, but was killed in the fight.
6. What were the of Paul Barnard’s suggestions to redu ce rural poverty and increase agricultural production of the Vietnam?
Ans.A. Paul Barnard was an influential writer and a policy maker. He strongly believed that colonies should be developed.
B. To reduce rural poverty and increase agricultural p roduction of the Vietnam Barnard suggested that it was necessary to carry ou t land reforms as the Japanese had done in the 1890’s.
C. However, this could not ensure sufficient employmen t. As the experiences of Japan showed, Industrialization would be essential to cre ate more jobs
7. What was the main objective of French behind the in frastructural developments in Vietnam? Explain any two steps taken by French to achieve their objective?
Ans.A. Objective of French: To exploit the natural resourc es of Vietnam was the main objective of French behind the infrastructural deve lopments in Vietnam.
B. Steps taken by French to achieve their objective: The French began building canals and draining lands in the Mekong Delta to increase cultivation. Infrastructure projects were developed to help the transportation of goods.
C. The system of irrigation works-canals and earth wor ks was built mainly with forced labour.
D. Trans Indo-China rail network was constructed.
8. What was the approach of French behind the necessit y of Colonies? Explain.
Ans.Following were reasons due to which French want to establish colonies:
A. They want to exploit the resources of colonies. Col onies were considered essential to supply natural resources and other essential goo ds.
B. To bring the benefit of civilization to uncivilized societies. Most of the European countries were of the opinion that European countri es were of the opinion that Afro-Asian people were uncivilized and thought it w as the mission of the advanced. European countries were to bring the benefits of ci vilization to backward people.
9. Which fact will you highlight to explain the nature of colonial economy in Vietnam?
Ans.A. Colonial economy of Vietnam was primarily based on rice cultivation and rubber plantation. B. Like other imperial powers, the main objective of t he French also subjected to Vietnamese economy to the interests of mother count ry. C. Imperial French exploit the natural resources of Vi etnam with an objective to earn huge profit. French took some steps to develop the infrastructure of Vietnam with an objective to exploit the natural resources of Vi etnam. D. French also want to establish their culture and tra dition upon the Vietnamese.
10. How did students in Vietnam fight against the colon ial government’s efforts to prevent Vietnamese from qualifying for white collar Jobs? Explain.
Ans.A. Students were inspired by patriotic feelings and th e conviction that it was the duty of the educated to fight for the benefit of society . B. These patriotic feelings brought the students into conflict with French and the traditional elite, because both saw their position threatened. C. By the 1920s students were forming various politica l parties, such as the Party of Young Annan and publishing nationalist journals such as the Annanese Students. D. Schools thus became an important place for politica l and cultural battle. E. Saigon Native Girls schools incident was a major pr otest erupt in 1926 against colonial rule.
11. How would you explain the shadow or influence of ch ina over Vietnamese?
Ans.A. In early history Vietnam once under the control of empire of China. B. After getting independence from Chinese emperors th e Vietnamese rulers continued to maintain the Chinese system of governm ent as well Chinese Culture. C. The elites in Vietnam were powerfully influenced by Chinese culture. They were educated in Chinese Confucianism. D. Chinese was the language used by the elites of Viet nam. E. Vietnam’s religious beliefs were a mixture of Buddh ism and Confucianism. Confucius was a Chinese thinker. F. Phan Boi Chau a reformer, wrote his book, The H istory of the Loss of Vietnam under the influence and advice Chinese reformer Lia ng Qichao. G. Trung Sisters and Trieu Au fought against Chinese d ominance.
12. Describe any five steps taken by the French to dism antle the Chinese influence on Vietnamese.
Ans.A. They established French schools for the Vietnamese. They wanted to replace Chinese language in schools by French.
B. Some policy makers emphasized the use of French lan guage as the medium of teaching.
C. French introduced School books which glorified the French and justified colonial rule. In books Vietnamese were represented as primi tive and backward, capable of manual books.
D. In 1907, Tonkin Free School was started to provide western style education to spread French culture. The idea of looking modern i mplemented in this school.
E. In, religion French introduced Christianity in Viet nam.
F. They propagated French culture among the youths of Vietnam. The few who learnt French language and acquired French Culture were to be rewarded with French citizenship.
1. Name the areas which come under the control of Fren ch after Franco Chinese war?
Ans.Tonkin and Anaam
2. When was Francis Garnier commissioned by French to establish control over Vietnam?
Ans. 1873
3. Which is most visible form of French control over V ietnam?
Ans. Military and Economic domination
4. Name the war after which Tonkin and Anaam come unde r the control of French?
Ans.Franco Chinese War
5. What lessons Barnard Learnt from the land reforms a nd Industrialization of Japan?
Ans.A. Paul Barnard was an influential writer and a policy maker.
B. He strongly believed that colonies should be develo ped.
C. To reduce rural poverty and increase agricultural p roduction of the Vietnam Barnard suggested that it was necessary to carry ou t land reforms as the Japanese had done in the 1890’s.
D. However, this could not ensure sufficient employmen t. As the experiences of Japan showed, Industrialization would be essential to cre ate more jobs.
6. What wa s the approach of syllabus introduced by French to teach Vietnamese?
Ans.A. School textbooks glorified the French and Justified colonial rule.
B. In the syllabus the Vietnamese were represented as primitive and backward, capable of manual Labour but not of intellectual re flection.
C. They could work in the fields but not rule themselv es. They were skilled copyists but not creative.
D. School children were told that only French rule cou ld ensure peace in Vietnam. The approach of the syllabus was to degrade the Vietnam ese and glorify French
7. How would you describe the diversity of religion in Vietnam?
Ans.A. Vietnam’s religious beliefs were a mixture of Buddh ism, Confucianism and local practices.
B. Religious beliefs among the peasantry were shaped b y a variety of Syncretic traditions that combined Buddhism and local beliefs .
C. Elites of Vietnam were Buddhists and some are Confu cius’s.
D. There were many popular religions in Vietnam that w ere spread by people who claimed to have seen vision of God
8. Explain the different efforts done by France to inc rease the production of rice in Vietnam.
Ans.A. The French began building canals and draining lands in the Mekong Delta to increase cultivation.
B. Infrastructure projects were developed to help the transportation of goods.
C. The system of irrigation works-canals and earth wor ks was built mainly with forced labour.
D. The area under rice cultivation went up from 2, 74, 000 hectares in 1773 to 1.1 million hectares in 1900 and 2.2 million in 1930.
9. How would you explain the formation of French Indo- China?
Ans.A. One of the most visible forms of French control was military.
B. French troops landed in Vietnam in 1858 by the mid 1880s, they had established a firm grip over the northern region.
C. After the Franco-Chinese war, the French assumed co ntrol of Tonkin and Anaam and in 1887 the French Indo-China was formed.
D. In the following decades the French sought to conso lidate their position in Vietnam.
10. Who were indentured laborers? Elaborate the working condition of indentured laborers?
Ans.A. Indentured Labour: It is the form of labour widely used in the plantations from the mid nineteenth century.
B. Working Conditions of workers were very miserable.
C. Labourers worked on the basis of contracts that did not specify any rights of Labourers and gave immense power to employers.
D. Employers could bring criminal charges against Labo urers and punish and jail them for non-fulfillment of contracts.
11. Can you explain in detail, the reasons behind the d efeat of French troops in the North eastern Valley of Dien Bien Phu?
Ans.A. At Dien Bien Phu the French were outwitted by the V ietminh forces led by General VO Nguyen Giap. The Commander of French forces Nava rre, had not thought of all the problems he would face in the battle.
B. The valley where French garrisons were located was flooded in the monsoon and the area was covered with bushes, making it difficu lt to move troops and tanks, or trace the Vietminh anti-aircraft guns hidden in the jungle.
C. From their bases in the hills, the Vietminh surroun ded the French garrisons in the valley below, digging trenches and tunnels to move without being detected.
D. Supplies and reinforcement could not reach the besi eged French garrison.
E. The wounded French soldiers could not move, and the French airstrip become unusable of continues artillery fire.
12. What were the main reasons behind the US interventi on in the Civil War of Vietnam? Ans.A. US feel bad with the defeat of its alley country Fr ance in 1954 at the fortress of Dien Bien Phu.
B. In Geneva conference Vietnam was divided into two p arts-North and South Vietnam.
C. US were against the spread of Socialism. In North V ietnam socialist government was going to be established under the leadership of Ho chi Minh.
D. In southern Vietnam National Liberation front becam e very strong and they opposed the doctorial rule of Ngo Dinh Diem.
E. With the help of the Ho Chi Minh government in the north, The NFL fought for the unification of country.
F. US were apprehensive of an alliance between Nati onal Liberation Front and Ho chi Minh.
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