Important Question Answers from Agriculture
Section A
1. What is the average size of agricultural holding in India in 1970? [1]
Ans.. 2.1 hectare
2. In which part of India is Jhumming practiced in India? [1]
Ans.2. North eastern parts of India
3. Name any two fiber crops. [1]
Ans.3. Jute, Cotton and natural silk
4. Name the country in which Jhumming agriculture is known as Milpa? [1]
Ans.4. Mexico
5. Which type of farming is practiced in areas with high population pressure on land? [1]
Ans.Inttensive Subsistence Farming
6. Which type of agriculture is practiced on small patches of land with the help of
primitive tools?[1]
Ans 2. Primitive Subsistence Farming
7. What is Bewar? [1]
Ans.. It is primitive form of cultivation is called Bewar or Dahiya in Madhya Pradesh.
.
8. What is Pama Dabi?
Ans. It is primitive form of cultivation is called Pama Dabi in Odisha
9. Can you name the type of farming Rinjha’s family is engaged in? [1]
Ans.Shifting agriculture locally known as Jhumming.
10. Can you enlist some crops which are grown on shifting agriculture? [1]
Ans. Cereals and some food crops like wheat and maize.
11. What is Zaid season? [1]
Ans. In between the rabi and kharif seasons, there s a short season during the summer
months known as the zaid season.
12. Name the season during which watermelon, muskmelon and cucumber are
produced?
Ans.. Zaid season
13. What are Aus, Aman and Boro? [1]
Ans.In states like Assam, West Bengal and Orissa three crops of paddy are grown in a year.
These are locally known as Aus, Aman and Boro.
14.Name two important wheat growing zones of India? [1]
Ans. 2. The Ganga-Sutlej plains in the north and black soil region in the Deccan.
15. Name the rain fed millet crop mostly grown in the moist areas which hardly needs
irrigation?[1]
Ans. 3. Jowar.
.
16. Which crop is used both as food and fodder?
Ans.4. Maize
Section B
1. Define agriculture? Why has cultivation methods changed significantly over years? [3]
Ans.A. Agriculture is the process of producing food, feed, fiber and other goods by the
systematic raising of plants and animals.
B. Agriculture is an age old economic activity in our country. Over these years
cultivation methods have changed significantly depending upon the characteristics
of physical environment, technologically know how and socio-cultural practices.
C. Farming varies from subsistence to commercial type.
D. At present in different parts of India- primitive subsistence farming, Intensive
Subsistence Farming and commercial Farming are practiced.
2. What is plantation farming? What are its main characteristics? [3]
Ans.Plantation is a type of commercial farming. In This kind of farming a single crop is
grown on a large area. This kind of farming is a legacy of colonialism, adapted to local
conditions. Following are its characteristics:
A. Plantation has an interface of agriculture and industry.
B. Cultivation of cash for export purpose.
C. All the produce is used as raw material in respective industries.
D. Tea, coffee, rubber, sugarcane, banana etc are important plantation crops.
3. What are millets? Why are millets very important food crop in India? [3]
Ans.A. Jowar, Bajra and Ragi are the important millets grown in India.
B. These are known as coarse grains.
C. These are used as food crops as well as fodder crops also.
D. These have very high nutritional value.
4. Why are some pulses known as leguminous crop? Why are they grown in rotation
with other crops?[3]
Ans.A. Maximum pulses are known as leguminous crops.
B. It helps in fixation of nitrogen.
C. Pulses are grown in rotation with other crops as they help in restoring soil fertility
by using nitrogen from the air.
5. Distinguish between Gramdan and Bhoodan. [3]
Ans.A. Bhoodan: Shri Ram Chandra Reddy offered 80 acres of land to 80 landless villagers.
This act was known as Bhoodan.
B. Later he travelled and introduced his ideas widely all over India.
C. Some Zamidars, owners of many villages offered to distribute some villages among
landless. It was known as Gramdaan.
6 Which type of agriculture is known as slash and burn agriculture? What is the
main disadvantage of this type farming?[3]
Ans.A. Shifting agriculture is known as slash and burn agriculture.
B. Such type of agriculture is harmful for environment.
C. Due to burning of plants and bushes, it causes pollution.
D. Du
7. Explain the factor upon which the different farming practices depends. [3]
Ans.The types of farming practiced depend on following two factors:
A. Physical factors: It includes relief, climate and location.
B. Human Factors: Human factors include the cultural background of people,
availability of irrigation and agricultural practices.
8. Why there enormous pressure on agricultural land in land intensive subsistence
farming?[3]
Ans.A. The right of inheritance leading to division of land among successive generations
has rendered land holding size uneconomical.
B. The farmers continue to take maximum output from the limited land in the absence
of alternative source of livelihood.
C. Thus there is enormous pressure on agricultural land
9. The land under cultivation is being reduced day by day. Can you imagine its
consequences?[3]
Ans.A. Less land under cultivation would cause the lack of food grains for people.
B. Due to less production of food crops the prices of food crops will raise to its
maximum extent.
C. It will also lead to more use of fertilizer and pesticides to get more and more
production.
D. Use of fertilizers and pesticides leads to health problems.
10. Why is agriculture important for Indian economy?
Ans.A. Two third population of India engaged in agricultural activities.
B. Agriculture is a primitive activity, which produces most of the food that we
consume.
C. It also produces raw material for carious industries like cotton, sugar and jute
industry
D. It also helps in collecting foreign exchange.
11. What are the different names gives to it in different parts of India? [3]
Ans.A. In India, this primitive form of cultivation is called Bewar or Dahiya in Madhya
Pradesh.
B. Podu or Pennda in Andhra Pradesh.
C. Pama dabi or Koan or Bringa in Orissa.
D. Kumari in Western Ghats.
E. Valre or Waltre in South eastern Rajasthan.
F. Khil in Himalayan belt.
G. Kuruwa in Jharkhand and Jhumming in the North eastern region.
12. What are the efforts made by the government to modernize agriculture in India? [3]
Ans.A. Establishment of Indian Council of Agricultural Research centre.
B. In 1980s and 1990s a comprehensive land development program was initiated,
which include both institutional and technical reforms.
C. Provision for crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, fire and disease.
D. Kissan Credit Card, Personal Accident Insurance schemes introduced by the
Government.
13. Write down the features of Primitive Subsistence agriculture. [3]
Ans.A. Farmers clear, slash and burn a small piece of land and on it grow cereals and other
food crops to sustain themselves.
B. The entire family or community is utilized as labour force.
C. Primitive tools such as hoe, digging sticks and dao are used.
D. No fertilizers and manures is used and land productivity is low.
E. Primitive subsistence depends upon monsoon, natural fertility of the soil and
suitability of the other environmental conditions.
14.. Write down the features of commercial farming. [3]
Ans.A. The main characteristics of this type of farming is the use of higher doses of
modern inputs, e.g. high yielding variety seeds, chemical fertilizers, insecticides and
pesticides in order to obtain higher productivity.
B. The degree of commercialization of agriculture varies from region to another.
C. For example, rice is a commercial crop in Haryana and Punjab, but in Orissa it is
subsistence farming.
D. Plantation is also a type of commercial farming.
15. Write down the features of Intensive Subsistence agriculture.
Ans.A. This type of farming is practiced in areas of high population pressure on land.
B. It is labour intensive farming, where high doses of biochemical inputs and
irrigation are used for obtaining higher production.
C. The right of inheritance leading to division of land among successive generations
has rendered land holding size uneconomical.
D. The farmers continue to take maximum output from the limited land in the absence
of alternative source of livelihood. Thus there is enormous pressure on agricultural
land.
16. Write down the features of Rabi crops. [3]
Ans.A. Rabi crops are sown in winter from October to December.
B. These crops are harvested in summer from April to June.
C. Wheat, barley, peas, gram and mustard are some major rabi crops.
D. North and north western parts of the country are important for growth of rabi
crops.
17. Write down the features of Kharif crops. [3]
Ans.A. Kharif crops are sown with the onset of monsoon in June.
B. These crops are harvested in the month of September and October.
C. Paddy, maize, jowar, tur, moong, urd, cotton, jute, groundnut and soyabean are
some of the important crops.
18. Why is wheat mainly grown in Punjab? Give three reasons. [3]
Ans.A. Cool and moist climate during growing season is found in Punjab.
B. Dry sunny warm climate at the time of ripening is also found in Punjab.
C. Fertile alluvial soil is found there.
19. Kerala leads in the production of rubber. Give three reasons. [3]
Ans.A. Rebber requires high temperature and heavy rainfall throughout the year and
Kerala has both these requirements.
B. Rubber collection is a labour oriented occupation and as such it requires cheap
labour and it is easily available in Kerala.
C. It is a tropical crop and Kerala lies near the equator.
20 ‘Rice grows well in Punjab and Haryana also.’ State two reasons for it. [3]
Ans.A. Rice requires hot and humid climate and lot of water as such it is possible to grow
this crop in the arid lands of Punjab and Haryana, but irrigation facilities in these
states have done wonder and thirst of water has been provided by irrigation
through tube wells and canals.
B. The farmers of Punjab and Haryana are deals in commercial crops.
C. The Governments of Punjab and Haryana have given full support to the farmers
and they provide high yielding varieties of paddy to the farmers.
21. Why has Indian agriculture started a declining trend in food production? Explain
with any three reasons.
Ans.A. Indian farmers are facing a big challenge from international competition.
B. The quality of our production is not able to compete with those of the developed
countries.
C. Subsidy on fertilizers, pesticides and HYV has been decreased, it lead to increase in
the production cost.
22. Write briefly about the movement started by Vinoba Bhave known as Bloodless revolution? [3]
Ans. A. Vinobha Bhave introduced voluntary redistribution of farm-lands to poor landless
farmers for their economic well being.
B. It started when some poor landless villagers demanded some land for their
economic well being and unexpectedly Shri Ram Chandra Reddy offered 80 acres of
land to be distributed among 80 landless villagers.
C. This act was known as Bhoodan and many land owners chose to provide some part
of their land to the poor farmers due the land ceiling act. This Bhoodan and
Gramdan movement initiated by Vinobha Bhave is also known as the Blood less
revolution.
23.What are millets and why are they called coarse gra ins? Give some examples of millet crops and areas they are grown in. [3]
Ans.Jowar, Bajra and ragi are the important millets grown in India. These are known as
coarse grains but they have very high nutritional value.
A. Jowar: Maharashtra is the largest producer of jowar followed by Karnataka, Andhra
Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.
B. Bajra: Rajasthan is the largest producer of bajra followed by Uttar Pradesh,
Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Haryana.
C. Ragi: Karnataka is the largest producer of ragi followed by Tamil Nadu.
24. What do you know about Green Revolution?
Ans.A. Green Revolution is phrase used to describe the tremendous increase in the
production of food grains like wheat and rice in India.
B. It has been caused by large scale use of high yielding variety of seeds and
development of surface and ground water irrigation systems.
C. Large scale use of fertilizers, insecticides, and pesticides, land reforms, rural
electrification and farm mechanization has caused Green revolution.
25. Describe the social impact of green revolution on t he society.
Ans.A. The standard of living of the farmers increased because of increase in per capita in
per capita income.
B. Farmer starts doing farm activities with modern facilities like tractors, thrashing
machines etc.
C. Literacy has risen among the farmers.
D. The link between the money lenders and the farmers is no more. Now farmers
prefer to borrow money from the Banks.
Section C
1. Why the growth rate in agriculture has been decreasing day by day. Give reasons.
Ans.A. Indian farmers are facing a challenge from international competition.
B. The cost of production inputs is increasing day by day.
C. Reduction in public investment in agricultural sector especially irrigation power,
rural, roads, market, etc.
D. The pressure of WTO on the Indian government to remove the subsidies given to the
farmers.
E. Reduction in import duties on agricultural products.
F. Withdrawal of investments by farmers from agriculture resulting in reducing
employment in agriculture.
2. What are the basic features of Indian agriculture? .
Ans. A. Indian agriculture mainly depends on the arriving of monsoon. Though large areas in
India, after independence, have been brought under irrigation, only one-third of the
cropped area is actually irrigated in true sense.
B. Maximum farmers are not aware about the modern farming techniques.
C. Indian farmers use fertilizers. Use of these fertilizers and pesticides has increased
and large areas have been brought under high yielding variety of seeds.
D. Indian farmers, in certain parts still practice subsistence agriculture. Farmers
actually own small pieces of land and grow crops primarily for their own purpose.
E. In India animals also play a significantly role in various kinds of agricultural
operations.
3. Name the crop which is main source of Sugar and Gur? What are the Geographical
conditions required for its growth. Name the major areas of its production.
Ans.A. Introduction: Sugar cane is the main source of sugar and gur. India is the second
largest producer of sugarcane in the world after Brazil. It is tropical and sub
tropical crop.
B. Climate: It grows well in hot and humid climate.
C. Soil Type: it can be grown well on a variety of soils.
A. Temperature: Temperature requirement is 210 C to 270C .
D. Rainfall: Annual rainfall between 75 cm and 100 cm.
E. Areas of Cultivation: The major sugarcane producing states are Uttar Pradesh,
Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Punjab and Haryana.
4.Which crop is known as golden fiber? What are the Geographical conditions
required for its growth. Name the major areas of its production.
Ans.A. Introduction: Jute is known as the golden fiber. It is used to make mats, ropes,
carpets, yarns, gunny bags and many other ornamental things.
B. Soil Type: Well drained fertile soil in the flood plains. The soil which renewed every
year.
C. Temperature: High temperature at the time of growth.
D. Areas of Cultivation: West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Orissa and Meghalaya are the
major Jute producing states.
5. Which is the second most important cereal crop? What are the Geographical
conditions required for its growth. Name the major areas of its production.[5]
Ans.A. Introduction: Wheat is the second most important cereal crop. It is Rabi Crop. It is
the main food crop, in north and north-western parts of the country.
B. Soil Type: Alluvial soil and black soil
C. Temperature: Cool growing season and bright sunshine at the time of ripening.
D. Rainfall: 50 to 75 cm of annual rainfall evenly distributed over the growing season.
E. Areas of Cultivation: There are two prominent wheat growing zones in the countrythe
Ganga-Sutlej plain in the north-west and black soil region of Deccan. Wheat
producing states are Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan and certain
parts of Madhya Pradesh.
6. Name the crop which is used both as food and fodder? What are the Geographical
conditions required for its growth. Name the major areas of its production.
Ans. A. Introduction: Maize is a crop which is used both as food and fodder. It is Kharif
crop.
B. Climate: 140 frost free days
C. Soil Type: It grows well in old alluvial soil.
D. Temperature: It requires temperature between 210 C to 270C .
E. Rainfall: annual rainfall between 60 to 120 cm
F. Areas of Cultivation: In some states like Bihar maize is grown in Rabi season also.
Use of modern inputs such as HYV seeds, fertilizers and irrigation have contributed
to the increasing production of maize. Major maize producing states are Karnataka,
Uttar Pradesh, Bihar,
7. Name the major Horticulture Crops of India and also write their areas of
cultivation.[5]
Ans. A. Mangoes: Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.
B. Oranges: Nagpur and Cherapunji ( Meghalaya)
C. Bananas: Kerala, Mizoram, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu.
D. Litchi and Guava: Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
E. Pineapple: Meghalaya
F. Grapes: Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra.
G. Apples, Pears, Apricots and Walnuts: Jammu and Kashmir, and Himachal Pradesh.
H. Cashew nut: Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.
8. Which is the staple crop for majority of the people in India? What are the
Geographical conditions required for its growth. Name the major areas of its
production.
Ans. A. Introduction: Rice is the staple food crop of majority of the population.
B. Climate: Paddy is a tropical crop and grows well in the wet monsoon.
C. Temperature: Above 250 C, coupled with heavy humidity.
D. Rainfall: It requires an annual rainfall above 100 cm. It requires heavy rainfall in
summer and irrigation in areas of less rainfall.
E. Areas of Cultivation: Rice is grown in the plains of north and north-eastern India,
coastal areas and the deltaic region. Development of dense network of canal
irrigation and tube wells have made it possible to grow rice in areas of less rainfall
such as Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh and parts of Rajasthan.
9. Explain the favourable temperature, rainfall and soil conditions required for the
growth of tea. Name the leading tea producing states.[5]
Ans.A. Introduction: Tea is the main beverage crop. India is the leading producer and
exporter of tea in the world.
B. Climate: Tea plants grow well in tropical and subtropical climate. Tea thrives well in
a hot and humid climate.
C. Soil Type: The soil requirement is deep fertile well drained soil which is rich in
humus and organic matter.
D. Temperature: Ideal temperature for the growth is 200 to 300 C.
E. Rainfall: 150 to 300 cm annual rainfall is required. High humidity and frequent
showers evenly distributed throughout the year are good for rapid development of
tender leaves.
F. Areas of Cultivation: Assam, hills of Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri districts, west Bengal,
Tamil Nadu and Kerala are the major tea producing sates of India.
10. Explain the favourable temperature, rainfall and soil conditions required for the
growth of coffee. Name the leading tea producing states.
Ans.A. Introduction: It is second most important beverage crop of India. Indian coffee is
known for its quality and is hence in great demand all over the world. The variety
produced in India is Arabica variety which was initially brought from Yemen.
B. Climate: It requires hot and humid climatic conditions for growth.
C. Soil Type: The soil requirement is deep fertile well drained soil which is rich in
humus and organic matter.
D. Temperature: 150C and 280 C.
E. Rainfall: rainfall 50 to 200 cm annually.
F. Areas of Cultivation: Its cultivation was initiated on Baba Buden hills and is today
confined to the Nilgiri in Karnataka Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
Section A
1. What is the average size of agricultural holding in India in 1970? [1]
Ans.. 2.1 hectare
2. In which part of India is Jhumming practiced in India? [1]
Ans.2. North eastern parts of India
3. Name any two fiber crops. [1]
Ans.3. Jute, Cotton and natural silk
4. Name the country in which Jhumming agriculture is known as Milpa? [1]
Ans.4. Mexico
5. Which type of farming is practiced in areas with high population pressure on land? [1]
Ans.Inttensive Subsistence Farming
6. Which type of agriculture is practiced on small patches of land with the help of
primitive tools?[1]
Ans 2. Primitive Subsistence Farming
7. What is Bewar? [1]
Ans.. It is primitive form of cultivation is called Bewar or Dahiya in Madhya Pradesh.
.
8. What is Pama Dabi?
Ans. It is primitive form of cultivation is called Pama Dabi in Odisha
9. Can you name the type of farming Rinjha’s family is engaged in? [1]
Ans.Shifting agriculture locally known as Jhumming.
10. Can you enlist some crops which are grown on shifting agriculture? [1]
Ans. Cereals and some food crops like wheat and maize.
11. What is Zaid season? [1]
Ans. In between the rabi and kharif seasons, there s a short season during the summer
months known as the zaid season.
12. Name the season during which watermelon, muskmelon and cucumber are
produced?
Ans.. Zaid season
13. What are Aus, Aman and Boro? [1]
Ans.In states like Assam, West Bengal and Orissa three crops of paddy are grown in a year.
These are locally known as Aus, Aman and Boro.
14.Name two important wheat growing zones of India? [1]
Ans. 2. The Ganga-Sutlej plains in the north and black soil region in the Deccan.
15. Name the rain fed millet crop mostly grown in the moist areas which hardly needs
irrigation?[1]
Ans. 3. Jowar.
.
16. Which crop is used both as food and fodder?
Ans.4. Maize
Section B
1. Define agriculture? Why has cultivation methods changed significantly over years? [3]
Ans.A. Agriculture is the process of producing food, feed, fiber and other goods by the
systematic raising of plants and animals.
B. Agriculture is an age old economic activity in our country. Over these years
cultivation methods have changed significantly depending upon the characteristics
of physical environment, technologically know how and socio-cultural practices.
C. Farming varies from subsistence to commercial type.
D. At present in different parts of India- primitive subsistence farming, Intensive
Subsistence Farming and commercial Farming are practiced.
2. What is plantation farming? What are its main characteristics? [3]
Ans.Plantation is a type of commercial farming. In This kind of farming a single crop is
grown on a large area. This kind of farming is a legacy of colonialism, adapted to local
conditions. Following are its characteristics:
A. Plantation has an interface of agriculture and industry.
B. Cultivation of cash for export purpose.
C. All the produce is used as raw material in respective industries.
D. Tea, coffee, rubber, sugarcane, banana etc are important plantation crops.
3. What are millets? Why are millets very important food crop in India? [3]
Ans.A. Jowar, Bajra and Ragi are the important millets grown in India.
B. These are known as coarse grains.
C. These are used as food crops as well as fodder crops also.
D. These have very high nutritional value.
4. Why are some pulses known as leguminous crop? Why are they grown in rotation
with other crops?[3]
Ans.A. Maximum pulses are known as leguminous crops.
B. It helps in fixation of nitrogen.
C. Pulses are grown in rotation with other crops as they help in restoring soil fertility
by using nitrogen from the air.
5. Distinguish between Gramdan and Bhoodan. [3]
Ans.A. Bhoodan: Shri Ram Chandra Reddy offered 80 acres of land to 80 landless villagers.
This act was known as Bhoodan.
B. Later he travelled and introduced his ideas widely all over India.
C. Some Zamidars, owners of many villages offered to distribute some villages among
landless. It was known as Gramdaan.
6 Which type of agriculture is known as slash and burn agriculture? What is the
main disadvantage of this type farming?[3]
Ans.A. Shifting agriculture is known as slash and burn agriculture.
B. Such type of agriculture is harmful for environment.
C. Due to burning of plants and bushes, it causes pollution.
D. Du
7. Explain the factor upon which the different farming practices depends. [3]
Ans.The types of farming practiced depend on following two factors:
A. Physical factors: It includes relief, climate and location.
B. Human Factors: Human factors include the cultural background of people,
availability of irrigation and agricultural practices.
8. Why there enormous pressure on agricultural land in land intensive subsistence
farming?[3]
Ans.A. The right of inheritance leading to division of land among successive generations
has rendered land holding size uneconomical.
B. The farmers continue to take maximum output from the limited land in the absence
of alternative source of livelihood.
C. Thus there is enormous pressure on agricultural land
9. The land under cultivation is being reduced day by day. Can you imagine its
consequences?[3]
Ans.A. Less land under cultivation would cause the lack of food grains for people.
B. Due to less production of food crops the prices of food crops will raise to its
maximum extent.
C. It will also lead to more use of fertilizer and pesticides to get more and more
production.
D. Use of fertilizers and pesticides leads to health problems.
10. Why is agriculture important for Indian economy?
Ans.A. Two third population of India engaged in agricultural activities.
B. Agriculture is a primitive activity, which produces most of the food that we
consume.
C. It also produces raw material for carious industries like cotton, sugar and jute
industry
D. It also helps in collecting foreign exchange.
11. What are the different names gives to it in different parts of India? [3]
Ans.A. In India, this primitive form of cultivation is called Bewar or Dahiya in Madhya
Pradesh.
B. Podu or Pennda in Andhra Pradesh.
C. Pama dabi or Koan or Bringa in Orissa.
D. Kumari in Western Ghats.
E. Valre or Waltre in South eastern Rajasthan.
F. Khil in Himalayan belt.
G. Kuruwa in Jharkhand and Jhumming in the North eastern region.
12. What are the efforts made by the government to modernize agriculture in India? [3]
Ans.A. Establishment of Indian Council of Agricultural Research centre.
B. In 1980s and 1990s a comprehensive land development program was initiated,
which include both institutional and technical reforms.
C. Provision for crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, fire and disease.
D. Kissan Credit Card, Personal Accident Insurance schemes introduced by the
Government.
13. Write down the features of Primitive Subsistence agriculture. [3]
Ans.A. Farmers clear, slash and burn a small piece of land and on it grow cereals and other
food crops to sustain themselves.
B. The entire family or community is utilized as labour force.
C. Primitive tools such as hoe, digging sticks and dao are used.
D. No fertilizers and manures is used and land productivity is low.
E. Primitive subsistence depends upon monsoon, natural fertility of the soil and
suitability of the other environmental conditions.
14.. Write down the features of commercial farming. [3]
Ans.A. The main characteristics of this type of farming is the use of higher doses of
modern inputs, e.g. high yielding variety seeds, chemical fertilizers, insecticides and
pesticides in order to obtain higher productivity.
B. The degree of commercialization of agriculture varies from region to another.
C. For example, rice is a commercial crop in Haryana and Punjab, but in Orissa it is
subsistence farming.
D. Plantation is also a type of commercial farming.
15. Write down the features of Intensive Subsistence agriculture.
Ans.A. This type of farming is practiced in areas of high population pressure on land.
B. It is labour intensive farming, where high doses of biochemical inputs and
irrigation are used for obtaining higher production.
C. The right of inheritance leading to division of land among successive generations
has rendered land holding size uneconomical.
D. The farmers continue to take maximum output from the limited land in the absence
of alternative source of livelihood. Thus there is enormous pressure on agricultural
land.
16. Write down the features of Rabi crops. [3]
Ans.A. Rabi crops are sown in winter from October to December.
B. These crops are harvested in summer from April to June.
C. Wheat, barley, peas, gram and mustard are some major rabi crops.
D. North and north western parts of the country are important for growth of rabi
crops.
17. Write down the features of Kharif crops. [3]
Ans.A. Kharif crops are sown with the onset of monsoon in June.
B. These crops are harvested in the month of September and October.
C. Paddy, maize, jowar, tur, moong, urd, cotton, jute, groundnut and soyabean are
some of the important crops.
18. Why is wheat mainly grown in Punjab? Give three reasons. [3]
Ans.A. Cool and moist climate during growing season is found in Punjab.
B. Dry sunny warm climate at the time of ripening is also found in Punjab.
C. Fertile alluvial soil is found there.
19. Kerala leads in the production of rubber. Give three reasons. [3]
Ans.A. Rebber requires high temperature and heavy rainfall throughout the year and
Kerala has both these requirements.
B. Rubber collection is a labour oriented occupation and as such it requires cheap
labour and it is easily available in Kerala.
C. It is a tropical crop and Kerala lies near the equator.
20 ‘Rice grows well in Punjab and Haryana also.’ State two reasons for it. [3]
Ans.A. Rice requires hot and humid climate and lot of water as such it is possible to grow
this crop in the arid lands of Punjab and Haryana, but irrigation facilities in these
states have done wonder and thirst of water has been provided by irrigation
through tube wells and canals.
B. The farmers of Punjab and Haryana are deals in commercial crops.
C. The Governments of Punjab and Haryana have given full support to the farmers
and they provide high yielding varieties of paddy to the farmers.
21. Why has Indian agriculture started a declining trend in food production? Explain
with any three reasons.
Ans.A. Indian farmers are facing a big challenge from international competition.
B. The quality of our production is not able to compete with those of the developed
countries.
C. Subsidy on fertilizers, pesticides and HYV has been decreased, it lead to increase in
the production cost.
22. Write briefly about the movement started by Vinoba Bhave known as Bloodless revolution? [3]
Ans. A. Vinobha Bhave introduced voluntary redistribution of farm-lands to poor landless
farmers for their economic well being.
B. It started when some poor landless villagers demanded some land for their
economic well being and unexpectedly Shri Ram Chandra Reddy offered 80 acres of
land to be distributed among 80 landless villagers.
C. This act was known as Bhoodan and many land owners chose to provide some part
of their land to the poor farmers due the land ceiling act. This Bhoodan and
Gramdan movement initiated by Vinobha Bhave is also known as the Blood less
revolution.
23.What are millets and why are they called coarse gra ins? Give some examples of millet crops and areas they are grown in. [3]
Ans.Jowar, Bajra and ragi are the important millets grown in India. These are known as
coarse grains but they have very high nutritional value.
A. Jowar: Maharashtra is the largest producer of jowar followed by Karnataka, Andhra
Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.
B. Bajra: Rajasthan is the largest producer of bajra followed by Uttar Pradesh,
Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Haryana.
C. Ragi: Karnataka is the largest producer of ragi followed by Tamil Nadu.
24. What do you know about Green Revolution?
Ans.A. Green Revolution is phrase used to describe the tremendous increase in the
production of food grains like wheat and rice in India.
B. It has been caused by large scale use of high yielding variety of seeds and
development of surface and ground water irrigation systems.
C. Large scale use of fertilizers, insecticides, and pesticides, land reforms, rural
electrification and farm mechanization has caused Green revolution.
25. Describe the social impact of green revolution on t he society.
Ans.A. The standard of living of the farmers increased because of increase in per capita in
per capita income.
B. Farmer starts doing farm activities with modern facilities like tractors, thrashing
machines etc.
C. Literacy has risen among the farmers.
D. The link between the money lenders and the farmers is no more. Now farmers
prefer to borrow money from the Banks.
Section C
1. Why the growth rate in agriculture has been decreasing day by day. Give reasons.
Ans.A. Indian farmers are facing a challenge from international competition.
B. The cost of production inputs is increasing day by day.
C. Reduction in public investment in agricultural sector especially irrigation power,
rural, roads, market, etc.
D. The pressure of WTO on the Indian government to remove the subsidies given to the
farmers.
E. Reduction in import duties on agricultural products.
F. Withdrawal of investments by farmers from agriculture resulting in reducing
employment in agriculture.
2. What are the basic features of Indian agriculture? .
Ans. A. Indian agriculture mainly depends on the arriving of monsoon. Though large areas in
India, after independence, have been brought under irrigation, only one-third of the
cropped area is actually irrigated in true sense.
B. Maximum farmers are not aware about the modern farming techniques.
C. Indian farmers use fertilizers. Use of these fertilizers and pesticides has increased
and large areas have been brought under high yielding variety of seeds.
D. Indian farmers, in certain parts still practice subsistence agriculture. Farmers
actually own small pieces of land and grow crops primarily for their own purpose.
E. In India animals also play a significantly role in various kinds of agricultural
operations.
3. Name the crop which is main source of Sugar and Gur? What are the Geographical
conditions required for its growth. Name the major areas of its production.
Ans.A. Introduction: Sugar cane is the main source of sugar and gur. India is the second
largest producer of sugarcane in the world after Brazil. It is tropical and sub
tropical crop.
B. Climate: It grows well in hot and humid climate.
C. Soil Type: it can be grown well on a variety of soils.
A. Temperature: Temperature requirement is 210 C to 270C .
D. Rainfall: Annual rainfall between 75 cm and 100 cm.
E. Areas of Cultivation: The major sugarcane producing states are Uttar Pradesh,
Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Punjab and Haryana.
4.Which crop is known as golden fiber? What are the Geographical conditions
required for its growth. Name the major areas of its production.
Ans.A. Introduction: Jute is known as the golden fiber. It is used to make mats, ropes,
carpets, yarns, gunny bags and many other ornamental things.
B. Soil Type: Well drained fertile soil in the flood plains. The soil which renewed every
year.
C. Temperature: High temperature at the time of growth.
D. Areas of Cultivation: West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Orissa and Meghalaya are the
major Jute producing states.
5. Which is the second most important cereal crop? What are the Geographical
conditions required for its growth. Name the major areas of its production.[5]
Ans.A. Introduction: Wheat is the second most important cereal crop. It is Rabi Crop. It is
the main food crop, in north and north-western parts of the country.
B. Soil Type: Alluvial soil and black soil
C. Temperature: Cool growing season and bright sunshine at the time of ripening.
D. Rainfall: 50 to 75 cm of annual rainfall evenly distributed over the growing season.
E. Areas of Cultivation: There are two prominent wheat growing zones in the countrythe
Ganga-Sutlej plain in the north-west and black soil region of Deccan. Wheat
producing states are Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan and certain
parts of Madhya Pradesh.
6. Name the crop which is used both as food and fodder? What are the Geographical
conditions required for its growth. Name the major areas of its production.
Ans. A. Introduction: Maize is a crop which is used both as food and fodder. It is Kharif
crop.
B. Climate: 140 frost free days
C. Soil Type: It grows well in old alluvial soil.
D. Temperature: It requires temperature between 210 C to 270C .
E. Rainfall: annual rainfall between 60 to 120 cm
F. Areas of Cultivation: In some states like Bihar maize is grown in Rabi season also.
Use of modern inputs such as HYV seeds, fertilizers and irrigation have contributed
to the increasing production of maize. Major maize producing states are Karnataka,
Uttar Pradesh, Bihar,
7. Name the major Horticulture Crops of India and also write their areas of
cultivation.[5]
Ans. A. Mangoes: Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.
B. Oranges: Nagpur and Cherapunji ( Meghalaya)
C. Bananas: Kerala, Mizoram, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu.
D. Litchi and Guava: Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
E. Pineapple: Meghalaya
F. Grapes: Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra.
G. Apples, Pears, Apricots and Walnuts: Jammu and Kashmir, and Himachal Pradesh.
H. Cashew nut: Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.
8. Which is the staple crop for majority of the people in India? What are the
Geographical conditions required for its growth. Name the major areas of its
production.
Ans. A. Introduction: Rice is the staple food crop of majority of the population.
B. Climate: Paddy is a tropical crop and grows well in the wet monsoon.
C. Temperature: Above 250 C, coupled with heavy humidity.
D. Rainfall: It requires an annual rainfall above 100 cm. It requires heavy rainfall in
summer and irrigation in areas of less rainfall.
E. Areas of Cultivation: Rice is grown in the plains of north and north-eastern India,
coastal areas and the deltaic region. Development of dense network of canal
irrigation and tube wells have made it possible to grow rice in areas of less rainfall
such as Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh and parts of Rajasthan.
9. Explain the favourable temperature, rainfall and soil conditions required for the
growth of tea. Name the leading tea producing states.[5]
Ans.A. Introduction: Tea is the main beverage crop. India is the leading producer and
exporter of tea in the world.
B. Climate: Tea plants grow well in tropical and subtropical climate. Tea thrives well in
a hot and humid climate.
C. Soil Type: The soil requirement is deep fertile well drained soil which is rich in
humus and organic matter.
D. Temperature: Ideal temperature for the growth is 200 to 300 C.
E. Rainfall: 150 to 300 cm annual rainfall is required. High humidity and frequent
showers evenly distributed throughout the year are good for rapid development of
tender leaves.
F. Areas of Cultivation: Assam, hills of Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri districts, west Bengal,
Tamil Nadu and Kerala are the major tea producing sates of India.
10. Explain the favourable temperature, rainfall and soil conditions required for the
growth of coffee. Name the leading tea producing states.
Ans.A. Introduction: It is second most important beverage crop of India. Indian coffee is
known for its quality and is hence in great demand all over the world. The variety
produced in India is Arabica variety which was initially brought from Yemen.
B. Climate: It requires hot and humid climatic conditions for growth.
C. Soil Type: The soil requirement is deep fertile well drained soil which is rich in
humus and organic matter.
D. Temperature: 150C and 280 C.
E. Rainfall: rainfall 50 to 200 cm annually.
F. Areas of Cultivation: Its cultivation was initiated on Baba Buden hills and is today
confined to the Nilgiri in Karnataka Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
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