State whether the following statements are true or false :-
a. The percentage of carbon is more in coke than in coal.
b. Petroleum is soluble in water.
c. Petroleum is an exhaustible or non renewable energy source.
d. Ammoniacal liquor is formed by solution of ammonia in oil.
e. Natural gas is a domestic and industrial fuel with high calorific value.
Ans.true, false, true, false, true .
2.What are petrochemicals? Explain.
Ans.Many useful products are obtained from petroleum and natural gas. They are called
petrochemicals.
These petrochemicals are the raw materials for the manufacture of the synthetic fibres
(nylon, acrylic, polyester etc) and detergents and many other useful polymers. Natural
gas yields which is used in the manufacture of ammonia which is further employed as
a raw material in the manufacture of fertilisers like urea.
3. What is meant by destructive distillation of coal ?
Ans.The process of heating of coal in the absence of air is called destructive distillation of
coal.
The destructive distillation of coal is carried out by heating coal strongly to 10000C in
the absence of air (oxygen). It yields various useful organic and inorganic products
like coke, coal gas, coal tar, ammonium compounds.
4. Pick the odd word out of the following:
LPG/CNG/Diesel/Petrol/Kerosene/Paraffin/Lubricating oil
Ans.CNG is odd because all others are fractions of fractions while it is a component of
natural gas.
5.State whether the following statements are true or false :-
a. Oxygen is a non renewable resource.
b. Natural gas is found along with petroleum in reservoirs under the ground.
c. Natural gas is chiefly made up of methane.
d. CNG is used as a domestic fuel.
e. Biogas is very costly and inconvenient fuel for rural areas.
Ans.false, true, true, false, false.
6. Why do we need to conserve resources?
Ans.All sorts of resources whether exhaustible or inexhaustible need to be conserved.
Groundwater though is a renewable natural resource yet faster use of it is turning this
resource into exhaustible. Fossil fuels are exhaustible and cannot be replenished.
Hence we need judicious use of our resources such that future generations can also get
advantages of these resources and maintain their survival.
7. What is anaerobic thermal degradation of wood? What is its importance?
Ans.Anaerobic thermal degradation of wood is carbonisation. Through this process
cellulosic material of plants/trees which died and got buried inside earth million of
years ago are converted into coal or carbon.
8. Put the following statements in correct sequence:
In a petroleum refinery -
i. vapour rises and hydrocarbons with lower boiling points condense at different
heights.
ii. hydrocarbons get separated in the fractionizing tower to form the different
fractions.
iii. Crude oil is heated to 4000C in furnace.
iv. hydrocarbons with highest boiling points condense first.
v. they get collected near base of furnace.
Ans.iii, iv, v, i, ii.
9.Fill in the blanks :-
a. Soil is an ______ natural resource.
b. Fossil fuels are valuable sources of ______ .
c. Save electricity to save ______ .
d. When coal is heated in the ______ of air, many useful products are formed.
e. When coal is burnt in the ______ of oxygen, lot of smoke and harmful gases are
formed.
inexhaustible, energy, coal, absence, presence, .
10. What can be potential effect of petroleum products on environment?
Ans.i) While transporting petroleum and its products there might be oil spillage.
(ii) The process of refining petroleum generates various products that can lead to
air and water pollution.
(iii) Drilling of petroleum may result into serious disturbances in the aquatic life.
(iv) Any leakage in the tanks in which petroleum is stored may lead to pollution and
deterioration of groundwater.
11. Where and how is petroleum separated into usable products?
Ans.Petroleum or crude oil contains large amount of hydrocarbons mixed with lot many
impurities like sea water and silt. Hence it cannot be used as such.
The process of separating petroleum into usable fractions is done by fractional
distillation and it is called refining of the petroleum. This process is carried out in a
petroleum refinery.
12. Classify the following resources as living and non living natural resources:
plants, water, animals, microbes, soil, minerals.
Ans.living natural resources: plants, animals, microbes.
non-living natural resources: water, minerals, soil.
13.Fill in the blanks :-
a. Useful substances obtained from petroleum and natural gas are called ______ .
b. The constituent of petroleum added to produce Vaseline is ______ .
c. The wise and judicious use of the fossil fuels is called ______ of fossil fuels.
d. Process of conversion of wood to carbon is called ______ .
e. Process of separating the fractions of petroleum by fractional distillation is called
______ of petroleum.
Ans.petrochemicals, paraffin wax, conservation, carbonisation, refining .
14. Which one is a better fuel coal or coke? Give reason.
Ans.Coke is a better fuel because coke does not produce more heat on burning as
compared to coal. Therefore no air pollution, no green house effect and environment is
not harmed so all these benefits prove coke to be a better option.
15. Describe the process through which petroleum is formed?
Ans.Petroleum was formed from the dead remains of the animals and plants that lived in
the sea millions of years ago. After their death there bodies sank and got buried at the
bottom of ocean floor. Gradually, they were covered by layers of sand, silt and clay. In
the absence of oxygen or air, high temperature and pressure slowly changed the dead
remains into petroleum and natural gas.
16. Fill in the blanks :-
a. All such substances which are used by human beings for their survival and
welfare are called ______ .
b. Petroleum is a ______ and ______ resource.
c. ______ resources are present in unlimited amount in nature and can be continually
replenished.
d. A ______ is a substance that can be used to produce heat at a reasonable cost.
e. A ______ fuel is obtained from the remains of plants and animals that died millions
of years ago.
Ans.resources, natural and exhaustible, inexhaustible, fuel, fossil .
17. Define carbonization?
Ans.During a slow process, over a period of millions of years there has occurred gradual
decay and compression of buried remains of plants/trees. Sometimes earthquakes and
volcanoes buried entire forests deep down in the earth.
The high temperature and high pressure inside the earth slowly converted the buried
vegetation into coal. This slow conversion of dead trees and other plants (wood) is
known as carbonisation.
18. How burning of coal can create serious global problems?
Ans.When coal is burnt, many gases like carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, smoke, little
carbon monoxide etc are produced. Each of these gases causes considerable harm to
health and environmental balance. They are major cause of air pollution and global
warming. Carbon dioxide is considered one of the pioneer green house gas, nitrogen
dioxide causes acid rain and smog(smoke+fog) and smoke itself is very injurious to
eyes and respiratory system.
Q19.What are different types of coal
Ans.Peat
Lignite
Bituminous
Anthracite
a. The percentage of carbon is more in coke than in coal.
b. Petroleum is soluble in water.
c. Petroleum is an exhaustible or non renewable energy source.
d. Ammoniacal liquor is formed by solution of ammonia in oil.
e. Natural gas is a domestic and industrial fuel with high calorific value.
Ans.true, false, true, false, true .
2.What are petrochemicals? Explain.
Ans.Many useful products are obtained from petroleum and natural gas. They are called
petrochemicals.
These petrochemicals are the raw materials for the manufacture of the synthetic fibres
(nylon, acrylic, polyester etc) and detergents and many other useful polymers. Natural
gas yields which is used in the manufacture of ammonia which is further employed as
a raw material in the manufacture of fertilisers like urea.
3. What is meant by destructive distillation of coal ?
Ans.The process of heating of coal in the absence of air is called destructive distillation of
coal.
The destructive distillation of coal is carried out by heating coal strongly to 10000C in
the absence of air (oxygen). It yields various useful organic and inorganic products
like coke, coal gas, coal tar, ammonium compounds.
4. Pick the odd word out of the following:
LPG/CNG/Diesel/Petrol/Kerosene/Paraffin/Lubricating oil
Ans.CNG is odd because all others are fractions of fractions while it is a component of
natural gas.
5.State whether the following statements are true or false :-
a. Oxygen is a non renewable resource.
b. Natural gas is found along with petroleum in reservoirs under the ground.
c. Natural gas is chiefly made up of methane.
d. CNG is used as a domestic fuel.
e. Biogas is very costly and inconvenient fuel for rural areas.
Ans.false, true, true, false, false.
6. Why do we need to conserve resources?
Ans.All sorts of resources whether exhaustible or inexhaustible need to be conserved.
Groundwater though is a renewable natural resource yet faster use of it is turning this
resource into exhaustible. Fossil fuels are exhaustible and cannot be replenished.
Hence we need judicious use of our resources such that future generations can also get
advantages of these resources and maintain their survival.
7. What is anaerobic thermal degradation of wood? What is its importance?
Ans.Anaerobic thermal degradation of wood is carbonisation. Through this process
cellulosic material of plants/trees which died and got buried inside earth million of
years ago are converted into coal or carbon.
8. Put the following statements in correct sequence:
In a petroleum refinery -
i. vapour rises and hydrocarbons with lower boiling points condense at different
heights.
ii. hydrocarbons get separated in the fractionizing tower to form the different
fractions.
iii. Crude oil is heated to 4000C in furnace.
iv. hydrocarbons with highest boiling points condense first.
v. they get collected near base of furnace.
Ans.iii, iv, v, i, ii.
9.Fill in the blanks :-
a. Soil is an ______ natural resource.
b. Fossil fuels are valuable sources of ______ .
c. Save electricity to save ______ .
d. When coal is heated in the ______ of air, many useful products are formed.
e. When coal is burnt in the ______ of oxygen, lot of smoke and harmful gases are
formed.
inexhaustible, energy, coal, absence, presence, .
10. What can be potential effect of petroleum products on environment?
Ans.i) While transporting petroleum and its products there might be oil spillage.
(ii) The process of refining petroleum generates various products that can lead to
air and water pollution.
(iii) Drilling of petroleum may result into serious disturbances in the aquatic life.
(iv) Any leakage in the tanks in which petroleum is stored may lead to pollution and
deterioration of groundwater.
11. Where and how is petroleum separated into usable products?
Ans.Petroleum or crude oil contains large amount of hydrocarbons mixed with lot many
impurities like sea water and silt. Hence it cannot be used as such.
The process of separating petroleum into usable fractions is done by fractional
distillation and it is called refining of the petroleum. This process is carried out in a
petroleum refinery.
12. Classify the following resources as living and non living natural resources:
plants, water, animals, microbes, soil, minerals.
Ans.living natural resources: plants, animals, microbes.
non-living natural resources: water, minerals, soil.
13.Fill in the blanks :-
a. Useful substances obtained from petroleum and natural gas are called ______ .
b. The constituent of petroleum added to produce Vaseline is ______ .
c. The wise and judicious use of the fossil fuels is called ______ of fossil fuels.
d. Process of conversion of wood to carbon is called ______ .
e. Process of separating the fractions of petroleum by fractional distillation is called
______ of petroleum.
Ans.petrochemicals, paraffin wax, conservation, carbonisation, refining .
14. Which one is a better fuel coal or coke? Give reason.
Ans.Coke is a better fuel because coke does not produce more heat on burning as
compared to coal. Therefore no air pollution, no green house effect and environment is
not harmed so all these benefits prove coke to be a better option.
15. Describe the process through which petroleum is formed?
Ans.Petroleum was formed from the dead remains of the animals and plants that lived in
the sea millions of years ago. After their death there bodies sank and got buried at the
bottom of ocean floor. Gradually, they were covered by layers of sand, silt and clay. In
the absence of oxygen or air, high temperature and pressure slowly changed the dead
remains into petroleum and natural gas.
16. Fill in the blanks :-
a. All such substances which are used by human beings for their survival and
welfare are called ______ .
b. Petroleum is a ______ and ______ resource.
c. ______ resources are present in unlimited amount in nature and can be continually
replenished.
d. A ______ is a substance that can be used to produce heat at a reasonable cost.
e. A ______ fuel is obtained from the remains of plants and animals that died millions
of years ago.
Ans.resources, natural and exhaustible, inexhaustible, fuel, fossil .
17. Define carbonization?
Ans.During a slow process, over a period of millions of years there has occurred gradual
decay and compression of buried remains of plants/trees. Sometimes earthquakes and
volcanoes buried entire forests deep down in the earth.
The high temperature and high pressure inside the earth slowly converted the buried
vegetation into coal. This slow conversion of dead trees and other plants (wood) is
known as carbonisation.
18. How burning of coal can create serious global problems?
Ans.When coal is burnt, many gases like carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, smoke, little
carbon monoxide etc are produced. Each of these gases causes considerable harm to
health and environmental balance. They are major cause of air pollution and global
warming. Carbon dioxide is considered one of the pioneer green house gas, nitrogen
dioxide causes acid rain and smog(smoke+fog) and smoke itself is very injurious to
eyes and respiratory system.
Q19.What are different types of coal
Ans.Peat
Lignite
Bituminous
Anthracite
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