Q1.What is protoplasm? Who gave the term protoplasmAns. The living material present inside the cell is
called protoplasm. Nucleus and cytoplasm together form protoplasm.Purkinje’ proposed
the term protoplasm.
Q2. Differentiate between hypertonic and hypnotonic solutionAns. Hypertonic solution- if the medium surrounding the cell has higher concentration than the cell then solution is called hypertonic solution
Hypotonic solution: IF the medium surrounding the cell has lower concentration than the cell, then solution is called hypotonic solution
Q3. Explain "A cell is a basic unit of an organism"Ans. A cell is called basic funtional and structural unit of life. A single cell is able to perform all the essential function of life-respiration, reproduction, excretion etc, hence cell is called the basic unit of an organism
Q4.Write function of plasma membraneAns. a. It acts as mechanical barrier between external and internal environment. hence, protect the cell
b. It helps in selective absorption of molecules in and out of the cell,
Q5.Write short notes on- Mitochondria, chloroplastQ6. Name The cell organelle found in plant cells only. Write its types and function
Ans.Chloroplast in found in plant cells only. It is of three types –
(a) Chloroplast – It is the coloured plastids, which provides different colours to
flower, which attracts insects for pollination.
(b) Chloroplast – It is the green coloured plastid
which contain chlorophyll. It
helps in due synthesis of food
(c) Leucoplast – It is the colorless plastids. It
helps in the storage of
synthesized food.
Q7.Write the main function of each of the followinga.plasma membrane:It helps in selective absorption of the molecules.
b. cell wall:It is protective in nature
c. RibosomesIt helps in protein synthesis
d.Lysosome:It contain enzymes which helps in digestion of foreign substances.
e.Nucleolus:It synthesizes ribosome
f.Endoplasmic reticulum:Produces lipids and proteins
Q8.What are different types of Encoplasmic reticulum(a) Rough ER – Ribosome are attached on their surface. They synthesize proteins
(b) Smooth ER – Ribosome are not present on their surface. They synthesize lipids
Q9.Which organelle is called digestive bag and whyAns. Lysosomes are called digestive bags. They contain digestive enzymes which break
down the organic material present in the cell.
Q10.How does cell to cell movement of water takes place in plants? Ans. Cell to cell movement of water inside the plant takes place through osmosis. Water
moves from the cell having high concentration to the cell having low concentration.
Q11. Difference between Cell wall and Cell MembraneAns. cell wall is non living. it is made up of cellulose
Cell membrane is livign and it is made up lipids and proteins
Q12.What is prokaryotic cell? Differentiate between prokaryotic cell & eukaryotic cell?
Ans. Prokaryotic cells are incomplete cells. They do not have membrane bound
organelles. For ex-Bacteria, Mycoplasma
, etc.
Q10.What is nucleoid? How in is different from the nucleus of eukaryotic cell? Ans.In prokaryotic cell, genetic material in not surrounded by membrane. This undefined
region where genetic material is present, is known as nucleoid
In eukaryotic cell, genetic material is surrounde by nuclear membrane
What is ‘division of labour’ in multicellular organisms ? In multicellular organisms every part of an organism performs specific function. For
ex, Heart, pumps blood, stomach digest food, etc hence, all the functions of the body
are divided among different parts of the body. This is known as ‘division of labour’.
Differentiate between diffusion and osmosis. What is its importance ? Diffusion – It is the movement of substances (solid, liquid or gas) from a region of
higher concentration to the region of lower concentration until they are spread out
evenly.
Osmosis – Osmosis in the diffusion of a solvent, usually water, through a semi –
permeable membrane from a dilute or weaker solutio into a concentrated or
stronger solution.
Importance – diffusion and osmosis are important for the transport of substances
across the cell membrane.
What is ATP? Write its full form. Ans.Energy rich molecules are called ATP. ATP provide energy to the cell
ATP – Adenosine – tri – phosphate
Why lysosomes are called ‘suicidal bags? Ans.Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes, they digest any foreign substance which enters into the cell. But somehow, if cell is not working properly or become dead, lysosomes burst and digest their own cell in which they are present. Hence, they are called ‘suicidal bag’.
What is cell theory? Who formulated it? M.J Schleiden and Theoder Schwann proposed cell
theory. According to cell
theory –
(a) All living organisms, whether plants or anima
ls, are made up of cells.
(b) Cells are the basic unit of life.
What are cell organelles? Write the names of different cell organelles. Ans. Cell organelles – organelles are the intracellular structures present in due
cytoplasm various cell organelles are –
1. Mitochondrion – It produces energy
2. Endoplasmic reticular – synthesize lipids and proteins
3. Golgi apparatus - Storage, packaging and dispatch various substance.
4. Lysosomes – Digest intracellular substances
5. Ribosomes – Synthesize proteins
6. Vacuoles – Provide turgidity and store house of various organic substances
Q What is difference between Plant cell and Animal Cell
